发布时间 : 星期二 文章2018-2019学年广东省广州大学附属中学等三校高一下学期期中联考英语试题(word版)更新完毕开始阅读c91525d46d85ec3a87c24028915f804d2b1687af
A
Donna Strickland was awarded the 2018 Nobel prize for physics jointly with Arthur Ashkin and Gérard Mourou. It’s the first time in 55 years that a woman has won this famous prize, but why has it taken so long? We look at five other pioneering female physicists — past and present — who actually deserve the prize. Jocelyn Bell Burnell
Perhaps the most famous snub(冷落): then-student Bell discovered the first radio pulsars in 1967, when she was a PhD student at Cambridge. The Nobel prize that recognized this landmark discovery in 1974, however, went to her male supervisor, Antony Hewish. Recently awarded a ￡2.3m Breakthrough Prize, which she gave away to help under-represented students, she joked to the Guardian，“I feel I’ve done very well out of not getting a Nobel prize.”
Lene Hau
Hau is best known for leading the research team at Harvard University in 1999 that managed to slow a beam of light, before managing to stop it completely in 2001. Often topping Nobel prize prediction lists, could 2019 be Hau’s year? Vera Rubin
Rubin discovered dark matter in the 1980s, opening up a new field of astronomy. She died in 2016, without recognition from the committee. Chien-Shiung Wu
Wu’s “Wu experiment” helped disprove the “law of conservation of parity”. Her experimental work was helpful but never honoured, and instead, her male colleagues won the 1957 Nobel prize for their theoretical work behind the study. Lise Meitner
Meitner led groundbreaking work on the discovery of nuclear fission. However, the discovery was acknowledged by the 1944 Nobel prize for chemistry, which was won by her male co-lead, Otto Hahn.
11. When was the discovery of radio pulsars recognized by the Nobel? A. In 1944 C. In 1974.
B. In 1967. D. In 1980.
12. Which woman is most likely to win a Nobel prize later according to the text? A. Donna Strickland
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B. Jocelyn Bell Burnell C. Lene Hau D. Vera Rubin
13. What do we know about the five females?
A. The five female scientists did greatly in chemistry. B. Vera Rubin had opened up a new field in geometry. C. Lise Meitner’s teacher won a Noble prize for her work. D. All their findings haven’t been recognized by the Nobel. 【答案】11. C 12. C 13. D
B
(CNN) — A 12 -year-old girl who had a feeling that she might be quite clever has taken a test and proved she was absolutely right.
Lydia Sebastian achieved the top score of 162 on Mensa’s Cattell III B paper, showing she has a higher IQ than well-known geniuses Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking. The comparison doesn't sit well with the British student, who’s currently in Year 8 at a selective girl’s grammar school in Essex, England.
“I don't think I can be compared to such great intellectuals as Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking. They’ve achieved so much. I don’t think it’s right”, Lydia told CNN.
To explain Lydia’s mark’s level, the top adult score in the Cattell III B test, which mainly tests verbal(语言) reasoning, is 161. A top 2% score —which allows entry to Mensa, the club for those with high IQs —would be 148 or over. Lydia scored 162, placing her in the top 1% of the population.
Lydia’s not quite sure what she wants to do when she leaves school, although she’s leaning toward something based on Maths, because it’s one of her favorite subjects. “All I’m going to do is work as hard as I can, and see where that gets me,” she said. 14. The reason why Lydia wanted to have an IQ test was that _______, A. her parents strongly wanted her to do so. B. she felt that she might have a high EQ. C. all people around thought that she was smart. D. the grammar school advised her to do so.
15. Which of the following can best take the place of the underlined words in the second paragraph?
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A. be connected with. B. be accepted by. C. be satisfied with. D. be refused by.
16. What is Lydia’s plan about the future ?
A. She has the possibility of doing something on Maths in the future. B. She doesn’t have to work hard with her high IQ. C. She is quite sure about what to do in the future. D. She will drop out of the grammar school. 17. It can be implied from the passage that ______. A. No one has achieved a higher IQ than Lydia. B. Only adults with high IQs can enter Mensa. C. Whoever has a high IQ can enter Mensa. D. Mary whose IQ score is 150 can enter Mensa. 【答案】14. B 15. B 16. A 17. D
C
The clock is ticking. David Brunelli has just swallowed a huge burger. The crowd cheers excitedly as he downs fistfuls of fries.
Welcome to the world of competitive eating.
Brunelli is part of a select group who compete to eat massive quantities of food as quickly as possible. Eating contests may seem like harmless fun, but they have a dark side and some critics are saying it’s time for them to stop.
Pouring crazy amounts of food down our throats is nothing new. Gorging banquets (狼吞虎咽）was a regular part of ancient Roman culture. In the 1800s, some New York City politicians settled bets through eating challenges. Pie-eating contests have been a Fourth of July tradition for more than a century.
For supporters like Brunelli, though, eating contests are more than a custom. They are a path to fortune.
But prize money does nothing to reduce the health risks of competitive eating. Competitive eating can even be life-threatening. In 1991, a man in Virginia suffered a stroke (中风) after
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eating 38 eggs in 29 seconds; In Florida, in 2012, a man died shortly after winning an eating contest leading a group of doctors to call for a ban on eating contests.
In any event, the risk to competitors is only part of the story. Nearly two-thirds of Americans are overweight, and competitive eating sets a terrible example by encouraging overeating. And in a world where 805 million people go hungry every day, downing ridiculous quantities of food for entertainment seems not just wasteful but also cruel.
For now, though, it seems eating contests are here to stay. Last year, more than three million viewers watched Nathan’s Famous Hot Dog Eating Contest on TV. This year, Matt Stonie ate 182 pieces of bacon in 5 minutes, breaking the world record.
What record will be broken next? Do you really want to find out? 18. What does the author try to express in Paragraph 4? A. Competitive eating is a tradition. B. It’s great to learn from ancient people. C. Competitive eating should be accepted. D. It’s exciting to challenge others to eat.
19. Why does Brunelli take part in the eating contest? A. For food. C. For honor.
B. For fun. D. For money.
20. The examples given in Paragraph 6 are used to show eating contests . A. use unhealthy food. B. waste too much food. C. put competitors at risk. D. set a bad example to kids
21. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. The author hopes to break the record. B. The author is eager to know the result.
C. The author wants readers to find out the result. D. The author disapproves of competitive eating. 【答案】18. A 19. D 20. C 21. D
D
Over the past few years I’ve had an uncomfortable sense that someone, or something, has been
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.