发布时间 : 星期六 文章2016新课标三维人教英语 选修八 Unit 3 Section 3更新完毕开始阅读cb51c61091c69ec3d5bbfd0a79563c1ec4dad750
Section_ⅢGrammar —过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语
语法图解
探究发现
①The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes.
②I placed the frozen bowl over the snakes' habitat and the ice-cubes on top of the bowl to keep it cool.
③The next morning I carried in my hand a small net used for catching fish.
④The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.
⑤Everybody was shocked at the news. ⑥The lost time can never be found again.
⑦The story written by a middle school student is popular in schools. ⑧If you want to make yourself respected, you are above all to respect others. [我的发现]
(1)句①②③⑥⑦中的过去分词(短语)在句中作定语。
(2)句②⑥中为单个的过去分词作定语，常常放于被修饰名词的前面；句①③⑦中过去分词短语作定语，常常放于被修饰名词的后面。
(3)句⑤中的过去分词shocked作表语。
(4)句④⑧中的过去分词accepted和respected在句中作宾语补足语，与其所修饰的中心词new ideas, yourself构成被动关系。
一、过去分词作定语
1．过去分词作定语时，相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。分词所表示
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的动作与其所修饰的名词构成动宾关系。单个的过去分词作定语时，常常置于其所修饰的名词前；而过去分词短语作定语时，常常置于其所修饰的名词后。
过去分词及过去分词短语作定语一般可转换为一个定语从句。 We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. (＝We must adapt our thinking to the conditions that changed.) 我们必须调整思路来适应改变了的情况。 The concert given by their friends was a success.
(＝The concert which/that was given by their friends was a success.) 他们的朋友举办的音乐会很成功。 2．过去分词作定语时，需注意：
(1)过去分词修饰something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody等不定代词以及指示代词those时，要放在这些词的后面。
He is one of those invited. 他是那些被邀请的人之一。
(2)单个的过去分词有时置于名词后作定语，表示强调。 The experience gained is very useful. 获取的经验很有用。
(3)有些过去分词作前置定语与后置定语时意义不同。 in the given time在既定的时间内 with the words given用所给的单词 a concerned look一个关切的神情 the people concerned有关人士
[名师点津] 及物动词的过去分词除表示“完成”的动作之外，还表示“被动”的意义。如：spoken English(英语口语); iced beer(冰冻啤酒); cooked food(熟食); fried chips(炸土豆条)。不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作，而不表示“被动”意义。如：boiled water (开水); fallen leaves (落叶); the risen sun (升起的太阳)等。
[即时演练1] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①(2016·江苏高考改编)In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden (hide) within the work. ②(2016·浙江高考改编)To return to the problem of water pollution, I'd like you to look at a study conducted (conduct) in Australia in 2012. ③(2013·天津高考改编)In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words used (use) in daily conversations.
二、过去分词作表语
1. 过去分词作表语时，总是在连系动词，如be, appear, seem, look, remain, feel, get等
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之后，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态或感受，主语多为人。分词所表示的动作与句子的主语构成动宾关系。
The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山。
She looked disappointed at the bad news. 听到这个坏消息她看上去很失望。
In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained stuck abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
由于火山灰的原因，四月份仍有成千上万的度假者滞留在国外。
2．过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示一个被动的动作。
This lake is badly polluted.
这个湖受到了严重污染。(系表结构，表示状态) This lake is badly polluted by a paper mill.
这个湖被一家造纸厂严重污染了。(被动结构，表示动作) This book is well written.
这本书写得很好。(系表结构，表示状态) This book was written by Lu Xun.
这本书是鲁迅写的。(被动结构，表示动作) [即时演练2] 补全句子
①(2014·福建高考改编)For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying_connected. 对于那些与家人相距遥远的人来说，个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面很重要。 ②(2014·安徽高考改编)While waiting for the opportunity to_get_promoted,_Henry did his best to perform his duty.
当等待机会被提升的时候，亨利尽力履行好他的职责。 ③We are_all_interested_in what has been performed. 我们对表演的节目很感兴趣。 ④The cup was_broken_by Jim. 杯子是吉姆打破的。 三、过去分词作宾语补足语
1．表示感觉和心理状态的动词(词组)，如feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, observe, look at, notice, find等后可接过去分词作宾语补足语。
I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。
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2．表示“致使”意义的动词，如have, make, get, keep, leave等后可接过去分词作宾语补足语。
I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。
He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。
3．表示思维活动的动词，如consider, know, think等后可接过去分词作宾语补足语。 I considered the matter settled. 我认为这件事解决了。
4．with的复合结构中可以使用过去分词作宾语补足语。
此时过去分词与句子的主语没有逻辑关系，在句中通常作时间、方式、条件、原因和伴随状语。
He stood for an instant with his hand raised.(伴随状语) 他举着手站了一会儿。
The thief was forced into the police station with his hands tied back.(方式状语) 这个贼被双手捆绑在背后带进了派出所。
With my homework finished, I went fishing with my father.(时间状语) 做完家庭作业后，我和爸爸去钓鱼了。
With everything considered, his plan is better than yours.(条件状语) 全面考虑的话，他的计划要比你的好。
[名师点津] 使役动词have接过去分词作宾语补足语有两种情况。 (1)过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。 I had my computer repaired yesterday. 我昨天找人修了电脑。(让别人做)
(2)过去分词所表示的动作是句中主语的经历(表示一种遭遇或经历)。 He had his leg broken. 他的腿断了。(自己的经历)
[即时演练3] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①(2015·陕西高考改编)Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother taken (take) good care of at home. ②(2013·北京高考改编)When we saw the road blocked (block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
③ With all the words said (say), they went away directly. ④I have heard his story told (tell) many times by the story teller.
⑤After he witnessed his house broken (break) into, he began to pay more attention to
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