发布时间 : 星期六 文章青浦区初中英语学科教学基本要求(新牛津8B)更新完毕开始阅读d2e2af062e60ddccda38376baf1ffc4ffe47e288
初二英语学科基本要求语法及词组
Q．2009．6
说明：
1．此材料仅供我区初二年级英语教师教学参考之用，由于水平所限，尚有许多不够完善之处，欢迎大家提出宝贵意见。
2．今年期末考试将以此做命题依据。
4．本材料参考依据为09年《初三英语学科基本要求》，并进行适当增减。
5．本材料编写人员有陆京炜、戴颖川以及尚美中学八年级备课组全体老师。青浦一中童芸、周艳也参与了审稿工作。特此鸣谢！
第一部分 基本内容
一、词法(Morphology)
(一)名词（Noun）
1. 普通名词和专有名词(Common and Proper Noun) 如：Paris, Africa (地名)
Japan, Canada (国名)
Alfred Nobel, Mr Smith, Grandma (称呼)
February, Thursday (月份，日期)
the Great Wall, World Wide Web（由普通名词组成的专有名词）
2. 可数名词和不可数名词 (Countable and Uncountable Noun） 1) 可数名词复数形式的构成
如：A. coin－coins, toy－toys, month－months
B. class－classes, box－boxes, church－churches, brush－brushes C. potato－potatoes, tomato－tomatoes
（比较：photo－photos, radio－radios, kilo－kilos）
D. city－cities, country－countries（比较：day－days，boy－boys） E. shelf－shelves, knife－knives, scarf－scarves（scarfs）
F. man－men, woman－women, policeman－policemen, businesswoman－businesswomen, foot－feet, tooth－teeth, child－children, mouse-mice, sheep－sheep, Chinese－Chinese
2) 可数名词的数量表达 如: a pair of jeans
(a) few relatives some computers plenty of books
a group of people a couple of days a lot of / lots of reporters a large number of passengers many places / times
one of the top students 3）不可数名词的数量表达
hundreds of / thousands of years （比较：two thousand years） 如：a bottle of / two bottles of water
some work
plenty of milk
(a) little food a lot of / lots of news huge amounts of information
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much money / time 3. 名词所有格（Case） 如：Alice's birthday
Children's Day New Year's Day
（二）代词（Pronoun） 单人称代词 人复称主格 宾格 数 I 复 单 II 复 单 I We You You he she It they me us you you him her it them 物主代词 反身代词 形容词性 my our your your his her its their 名词性 mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself herself itself themselves
the teachers’ office twenty minutes’ walk the front gate of the City Hall
a friend of Kitty's / mine
单 III 复 1. 人称代词（Personal Pronoun）
人称代词的主格形式用作主语
人称代词的宾格形式用作及物动词的宾语或介词宾语。 如：I（主格，作主语）called him（宾格，作动词宾语）.
He（主格，作主语）was playing tennis with us（宾格，作介词宾语）. She and I（主格，作主语）went to the Mcdonald's last night. Let the baby sit between you and me（宾格，作介词宾语）. 2. 物主代词（Possessive Pronoun）
形容词性物主代词用作定语。 如：his puppy, my parents, her diet
名词性物主代词用作主语、宾语或表语。 如：A: Is this her T shirt？ B: No, hers is red.（主语）
A: May I use your dictionary？ B: I’ve lost mine.（宾语） That new flat is ours.（表语） 3. 反身代词（Reflexive Pronoun）
用作宾语或表示强调。
如：Be careful. You might hurt yourself.（宾语）
The children made the model planes (by) themselves.（表示强调）
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4. 指示代词（Demonstrative Pronoun: this, that, these, those） 如：A: Is this your motorcycle? B: No, it isn't.
A: Are those calculators expensive? B: Yes, they are. 5. 疑问代词（Interrogative Pronoun）
参见“四、句法”中“特殊疑问句”一节。 6. 不定代词（Indefinite Pronoun） 1) some, any
如：He asked for more sauce and I passed him some.
Do you know any of her friends?
There is much milk in the fridge. Would you like some? 2) 复合不定代词
something anything nothing everything somebody anybody nobody everybody someone anyone no one everyone 如：Someone has told me about this before.
I've got something interesting to tell you. Did you see anybody else in the room? Everything is ready for the Open Day. 3) a few, few; a little, little
如：You've made a few mistakes in your homework, I'm afraid.
There were few eggs in the fridge, so he went to the supermarket and bought some. There's still a little time left. You needn't hurry.
I'm afraid I can't buy anything today because I have got little money on me. 4）both, all
如：Both of his hands were hurt.
They both lost themselves in the beautiful music. All enjoyed themselves at the party. 5) neither, none
如：Neither of the twins is a university student.
In the past, none of the buses were / was air-conditioned. 6) one…the other(s), some…others, another
如：She has got two pets. One is a dog; the other is a cat.
Some like prawns, others like crabs. I don't like this kind of watch. Will you show me another? 7) one, ones
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如：Which T shirt do you like？The one with the V-neck.
The old houses here have been pulled down and a lot of new ones will be built. 7. it
如：It is a robot.（指物）
It is raining now, but it'll be fine soon.（指自然现象） What time is it now? It's eight o'clock.（指时间） It isn't far from here to the hospital.（指距离） It's important (for us) to fight pollution.（作形式主语）
（三）数词（Numeral） 1. 基数词（Cardinal Number）
注意eleven, twelve, thirteen, fifteen, eighteen, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty, a / one hundred / thousand等词 2. 序数词（Ordinal Number）
注意first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, twentieth, twenty-first, ninety-ninth, (one) hundredth等词。
3. 分数（Fraction），小数（Decimal）和百分比（Percentage） 如：三分之一读作one-third，五分之三读作three-fifths
0.82读作zero point eight two 45%读作forty-five percent 4. 日期和年份（Date and Year）
如：on May 27读作：on May (the) twenty-seventh
on 27th May 读作：on the twenty-seventh of May in 1933读作：in nineteen thirty-three in 2000读作：in two thousand 5. 时间和钟点（Time）
如：6:15读作：six fifteen / (a) quarter past six
4:30读作：four thirty / half past four
6:35读作：six thirty-five / twenty-five (minutes) to seven 9:10 a.m.读作：nine ten a.m. 6. 数学运算表达 (Arithmetic expression) 如：A: Add 6 and 9. B: 6 plus 9 equals / is 15. 7. 其它
如：Lesson Twelve / the Twelfth Lesson
Class One，Grade Three No.46 bus Channel 8 / Eight
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