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1 Sources of modern Scots Law.
Statute law, common law and European Union law
2 How do you describe the doctrine of judicial precedent? Examples of judicial precedent.
It means that a judge can make law when there aren't legislation or precedents for him to use to deal with the case in his hand. In doing so, the judge or judges listen to arguments of all parties to decide which view of law is right. This case is called test case. They make their decision and then future judges should follow the reasoning in the test case . Not all the judges have the authority to make precedents. Junior judges usually can not do this. Ruling made by superior court must be followed by lower court.
3 Which is more powerful: the Westminster Parliament or the Scottish Parliament? Why?
The Westminster Parliament is superior. On the one hand, Scottish Parliament passes laws within the power conferred by the Westminster. On the other hand, the Westminster can abolish Scottish Parliament by passing an act.
4 What is a statute?
A statute is where a legislation is written down. A legislation made by parliament is called Act of Parliament, and also known as a statute.
5 Name five Acts of Parliament. The licensing (Scotland) act 1975 The divorce (Scotland) act 1976
Abolition of poundings and warrant sales act 2001 Dog fouling (Scotland) act 2003
The health and safety at work act 1974 Sale of goods act 1979
Employment rights act 1996
Protection of children (Scotland) act 2003
6 What are the main differences between civil and criminal law in Scotland? Criminal law is to maintain law and order by punishing criminals. The punishments includes imprisonment and fine and so on.
Civil law is to resolve legal disputes between individuals such as divorce, personal injury, contractual disputes, sale of goods, etc.
Criminal and civil cases are dealt with by different courts, who use different proof rules and follow different procedure.
7 What is a crime? (You should list four examples of criminal behaviour)
A crime is a kind of behaviour which threatens or destroys social security and should be punished by the state.
Murder, rape, treason, theft, manslaughter, robbery, bribery, fraud, etc.
8 Examples of a civil dispute.
Contractual disputes, employment disputes, debt recovery, divorce, personal injury, land diputes
9 If any conflicts between Scots and European Union Law, which one should the Scottish Courts follow? Why? European Union law.
The UK is now a member of the EU. In order to enjoy the benefit as a member, the UK must obey the EU law. The UK has passed an act to confirm its membership and accepted that the EU law shall be superior to its domestic law.
10 List the four most important institutions of the European Union and Which of them has law-making powers? 1 The Council of Ministers. 2 The European Parliament.
3 The European Court of Justice. 4 The European Commission.
The Council of Ministers and the European Parliament has law-making powers.
1 Examples of The European Union can make legal rules.
Regulations, Directives, Decisions, Recommendations and Opinions 2 “the primacy of European Union Law”?
It means that when there is a conflict between EU law and Scots law, a Scottish court implements the EU law instead of Scots law.
4 What is ?legislation??
Legislation refers to laws passed by the parliaments. These laws are Acts of Parliament. Besides, there is delegated legislation, which is made by bodies lower than the parliaments and authorized by the parliaments.
5 Which of the two legislative bodies is more important?
The Westminster Parliament is more important than The Scottish Parliament.
6 What does the XXX (Scotland) Act mean?
It means that this legislation is made by Scottish Parliament and applys to Scotland only.
8 What is the burden of proof in a criminal trial which a prosecutor must
achieve in order to convict the accused?
The prosecutor must clearly prove the accused is guilty beyond any reasonable doubt.
9 What is ?common law??
Common law is an important part of the unwritten law of Scotland. It includes judicial precedents, custom, equity and institutional writings.
1现代苏格兰法律的来源。
成文法，普通法和欧洲联盟的法律
2你怎样描述的司法先例原则？司法先例的例子。
这意味着法官可以制定法律时，有没有为他用他的手与案件处理的立法或先例。这样，法官或法官聆听各方的参数来决定法律的观点是正确的。这种情况被称为测试用例。他们作出决定，那么未来的法官应遵循的测试案例的推理。并不是所有法官都有权作出先例。少年法官通常不能做到这一点。下级法院必须遵循上级法院作出的裁决。
3这是更强大的威斯敏斯特议会或苏格兰议会？为什么呢？ 威斯敏斯特议会优越。一方面，苏格兰议会通过威斯敏斯特赋予的权力范围内的法律。另一方面，威斯敏斯特可以取消苏格兰议会通过一种行为。
4，什么是章程？
一个规约是一个立法是写下来。由议会立法，被称为“议会法案”，也称为规约。
5名五行为议会。
6之间的民事和刑事法律在苏格兰的主要区别是什么？
刑法是惩治犯罪，以维持法律和秩序。惩罚包括监禁和罚款等。
民法是解决个人，如离婚，人身伤害，合同纠纷，商品销售等之间的法律纠纷 刑事和民事案件是由不同的法院，谁使用不同的证据规则，并按照不同的程序处理。
7，什么是犯罪？ （您应该列出四种犯罪行为的例子）
犯罪是一种行为，威胁或破坏的社会保障，应当由国家处罚。 的谋杀，强奸，叛国，盗窃，杀人，抢劫，行贿受贿，诈骗等。
8民事纠纷的例子。
合同纠纷，劳资纠纷，追讨债务，离婚，人身伤害，土地diputes
如果苏格兰和欧洲联盟的法律之间的任何冲突，哪一个应该苏格兰法庭遵循？9，
为什么呢？ 欧盟的法律。
英国现在是欧盟的成员国。为了享受作为成员的利益，英国必须遵守欧盟的法律。
英国已通过一项法案，确认其成员，并接受欧盟法律应优于其国内法。 清单10的四个最重要的的机构，欧盟，他们已制定法律的权力？ （1）部长理事会。 欧洲议会2。 3，欧洲法院。 4欧洲委员会。
部长理事会和欧洲议会制定法律的权力。
1欧盟的例子可以使法律规则。
法律，法规，指令，决定，建议和意见 2“欧盟法”的首要地位？ 这意味着，当有一个欧盟法律和苏格兰法律之间的冲突，苏格兰法院实现欧盟法律，而不是苏格兰法律。
4，什么是“立”？
立法是指由议会通过的法律。这些法律是议会的行为。此外，有授权立法，这是由低于议会的机构和议会的授权。
两国立法机构5哪个更重要？
威斯敏斯特议会是比苏格兰议会更重要。
6 XXX（苏格兰）法是什么意思？
这意味着，这项法例是苏格兰，苏格兰议会和applys。
8，什么是在刑事审判中，检察官必须实现以判定被告的举证负担？ 检察官必须清楚地证明被告有罪的，是超越任何合理怀疑。
9，什么是“普通法”？
普通法是一个不成文的苏格兰法律的重要组成部分。它包括司法先例，风俗，公平和体制的著作。