发布时间 : 星期日 文章英语研究读写教程-unit 3 课后练习答案复习过程更新完毕开始阅读d6a361bbbf23482fb4daa58da0116c175e0e1e0d
英语研究论文读写教程-unit 3 课后练习
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Unit 3
Keys
Anticipating the Issue
Classification of Dictionaries CRITERION the number of language involved the nature of entries the prospective reader semantic focus lexical items size medium EXAMPLES OF DICTIONARIES monolingual dictionaries, bilingual, multilingual linguistic dictionaries, non-linguistic dictionaries native speakers, speakers of other languages collation dictionaries, synonyms, antonyms dictionaries of idioms, proverbs abridged dictionaries, unabridged paper dictionaries, CD-ROMS, online 2. The answers may vary. 3. Fill in the table below with the advantages and disadvantages of paper
dictionaries and computer dictionaries. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES familiarity large size Ownership Weight Slow retrieval fast retrieval computer-needed Lots of information Computer needed Light-weight Slower retrieval process if users Small size are computer dummies Some contain pronunciation files Some are not well-designed Some contain English learning Free ones often have materials advertisement Some contain lots of pictures It's generally better to use a normal English (monolingual) dictionary. Such dictionaries give you practice in understanding English. As the definitions and examples are in English, you can see immediately how a word is used. Because many English words won't translate directly into your language, you have to be careful with bilingual dictionaries when you write down the meaning of the word. The answers may vary.
Paper Dictionaries Computer Dictionaries 4.
5.
Discussion Ideas
1. The research topic is learners’ dictionary use and vocabulary choices in L2
writing in terms of two aspects: students’ ability to use the dictionary as a tool for written production and to teach them to use it more effectively, as well as their dictionary use in relation to foreign language writing in terms of Spanish.
2. No. It is both a summary and a synthesis of the related literature. The summary of previous research is contained within the literature review, which goes well
beyond merely summarizing professional literature. A literature review focuses on a specific topic of interest to you and includes a critical analysis of the
relationship among different works, and then relates this research to your own work.
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3. The researchers reviewed the previous research from general to specific on basis of the three questions to be explored in their own study, i.e.,
To begin with, the researchers analyzed the general context –dictionary use as a strategy of learners’ lexical acquisition process; the three limitations
corresponding to the research questions – the limitations in L2 proficiency and dictionary use strategy; the advantages of e-dictionaries and online dictionaries. 4. Yes. They both follow the three moves illustrated in the Writing Focus section of Unit 2.
To begin with, they, based on the previous studies, set the general context for studies on dictionary use—as an important learning strategy, it enhanced and
furthered the learner’s vocabulary learning process. Consequently they introduced in what instances the learner may consult dictionaries, which is relevant with their first research question. Thirdly, they pointed out two limitations in the use of dictionary, namely, learners’ inability to separate lexical and semantic meanings, and their inability to use the dictionary correctly, which are their second and third research question respectively. Lastly, they put forward the advantages that the recent technological advancement of electronic and online dictionaries brought to teachers, learners, and researchers, which is in accordance with their first research question.
5. Think-aloud protocols, stimulated-recall protocol, and interviews were employed in the first study. While the second study utilized the stimulated-recall protocol. Think-aloud protocol is a verbal protocol that takes place while the participant is performing a task; that is, the participant talks aloud while completing a task. Think-aloud protocol (or think-aloud protocols, or TAP) is a method used to gather data in usability testing in product design and development, in psychology and a range of social sciences (e.g., reading, writing and translation process research). Think-aloud protocols involve participants thinking aloud as they are performing a set of specified tasks. Users are asked to say whatever they are looking at, thinking, doing, and feeling, as they go about their task. This enables observers to see first-hand the process of task completion (rather than only its final product). Observers at such a test are asked to objectively take notes of everything that users say, without attempting to interpret their actions and words. Test sessions are often audio and video taped so that developers can go back and refer to what participants did, and how they reacted. The purpose of this method is to make explicit what is implicitly present in subjects who are able to perform a specific task.
Simulated recall protocol (SRP) as a research approach falls into the group of research methods that are often referred to as introspective methods. Stimulated-recall protocol is a verbal protocol that is prompted by a stimulus such as viewing a video of the participant’s performance of the talk or an essay written by the participant. In general it is considered to be an approach that is particularly suitable for examining processes and has most frequently been used to study learning processes, interpersonal skills and decision-making processes [action learning].
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6. Data triangulation is a powerful technique that facilitates validation of data through cross verification from more than two sources. In particular, it refers to the application and combination of several research methodologies in the study of the same phenomenon. And Methodological triangulation involves using more than one method to gather data, such as interviews, observations, questionnaires, and documents.
Advantages: questions.
1) increase the credibility and validity of the results; 2) provide a more holistic perspective of the research
7. In terms of limitation, the number of participants resulted in the inability to generalize the
results. In terms of implication, pre- and post-tests can be introduced in future research to measure whether any vocabulary gain has taken place during the experiment.
8. This is qualitative research.
Qualitative research and quantitative research are two schools of research. Qualitative research a method of inquiry employed in many different academic disciplines, traditionally in the social sciences, but also in market research and further contexts. Qualitative researchers aim to gather an in-depth understanding of human behavior and the reasons that govern such behavior. The qualitative method investigates the why and how of decision making, not just what, where, when. Hence, smaller but focused samples are more often needed than large samples.
Quantitative research refers to the systematic empirical investigation of social phenomena via statistical, mathematical or computational techniques. The
objective of quantitative research is to develop and employ mathematical models, theories and/or hypotheses pertaining to phenomena. The process of measurement is central to quantitative research because it provides the fundamental connection between empirical observation and mathematical expression of quantitative relationships.
Vocabulary and Language Learning Skills 1. Word Building. word prefixed with definition ‘trans-’ transfer to use a skill, idea, etc in the new situation transcribe to represent speech sounds with phonetic symbol translate to change written or spoken words into another language transmit to send or pass something from one person, place or thing to another transition change or passage from one state or stage to another transaction the action or process of buying or selling something transparent permitting the uninterrupted passage of light transport the business of moving people or things from one place to another, usually using buses or trains 2. Recognizing Word Meanings.
1. d
2. i
3. a
4. c
5. j
6. h
7. B
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