发布时间 : 星期四 文章大学英语四级语法精华版及部分模拟题更新完毕开始阅读d9c2689352d380eb63946d2c
· 与现在相反：使用[过去时]：
I wish I were not here! (一般现在?一般过去) Suppose we were not here.
He loved me as if I were his own son.(一般现在?一般过去) Hope I weren't always losing things! (现在进行?过去进行) If only/If I hadn't been there! (现在完成?过去完成)
What if I hadn't been waiting right here!(现在完成进行?过去完成进行)
常考句型：It's (high) time (that)…; would rather (that)…；这两个从句，只能表达对现在的看法，所以，从句中只有一般过去时。 · 与过去相反：过去完成时；
How nice it is if I had past the test!
How nice it is if I had slept a little more this morning! · 与将来相反：将来的事情没有发生，所以只能推测。 If it rains tomorrow, we'll have to stay one day more.
不过，由于可以用be to表示将来；所以，虚拟语气中经常出现were to；也是CET-4的常考语法点。 3） 虚拟条件句 · if 部分，做一个与事实相反的假设（所以只有一般过去和过去完成）； · 主句部分，这是表示基于这个假设的推测，一般使用情态动词would，少数情况下使用could/might/may。 · 注意：两个部分之间，是有逻辑关系，而在两部分的谓语动词时态上，没有必然的联系。 4） 注意，虚拟条件句中的if可以省略，造成were/had提前，产生倒装。 5） 隐含的非真实条件
What would you do with 50 thousand dollar? How could I be happy without you?
除了条件状语从句之外，原因状语从句也会出现虚拟语气。 · 由in order that, so that引起的从句，肯定的时候可以使用may/might; can/could; 否定的时候，多用shouldn't；whoever, whatever, no matter what引起的从句中，多用may+ （二）that从居中
1、wish, would rather (sooner), had better: · I wish I were as strong as you.
I wish I had paid more attention to our pronunciation.
I would rather they came tomorrow (you had gone there too). I had rather (that) you told him than I did.
2、 suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist 等动词后的宾语从句: · The commander ordered that all civilians (should) be evacuated.
He asked that he be given an opportunity to try. She urged that he write and accept the post.
3、it is desired, it is suggested, it is requested, it was ordered, it was proposed, it is necessary, it is important, it has been decided 等结构后的主语从句中. · It was arranged that they leave the following week
It will be better that we meet some other time.
4、suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendations, plan, idea等后的表语从句和同位语从句: · His sole requirement is (was) that thy system be adjusted. （三）在某些句型中
1、it is time that · It is time that we went (或should go) to bed.
It is high time we (should) put an end to this controversy. 2、 as if (though) 引起的从句: · They talked (are talking) as if they had been friends for years.
It seems as if it was (were) spring today.
He acts (acted) as if (though) he were (was) an expert.
3、以lest, for fear that 和 in case 引起的从句(这时谓语多用 should +动词原形): · He took his raincoat with him lest it should rain.
He put his coat over the child for fear that (或lest) he should catch cold.
4、以whatever, whoever, no matter what这类代词或词组引起的从句(谓语多用may加动词原形构成): · Whatever defects he may have, he is an honest man.
Come what may, we will go ahead. 不管发生什么情况, 我们都要干下去. I accept that he is old and frail; be that as it may, he’s still a good politician. 我承认他年老体衰, 然而尽管如此, 它仍是优秀的政治家. （四）条件
1、虚拟条件句主要有下面两类:
1）表示现在及将来情况(表示纯然假设或实现的可能性不大的情况): · 谓语主要形式如下(be多用were这个形式): 从句 过去式 主句 would + 动词原形 If I were you, I wouldn’t lose heart. How nice it would be if you could stay a bit longer.
2） 表示过去情况的虚拟条件句(与事实完全相反的假设情况), 谓语主要形式如下:
从句 had + 过去分词 主句 would have + 过去分词 · She would have come if we had invited her.
If I hadn’t taken your advice, I would have made a bad mistake, You wouldn’t have caught cold if you had put on more clothes.
2、有时候, 条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作, 发生的时间是不一致的(如一个是过去发生的, 一个是现在发生的). 这时, 动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整. 这种句子可以称为错综时间条件句. · If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now.
If we hadn’t got everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.
3、有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示, 而是通过一个介词短语来表示. · Without music, the world would be a dull place.
We could have done better under more favorable conditions. But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.
4、如果条件句从句中包含有 were, had, should 或could, 有时可把if省略掉, 并把were, had, should或could放在主语前面. · Had we made adequate preparation, we might have succeeded.
Should there be a flood, what should we do?
Were it not for their assistance, we would be in serious difficulty. 五、介词
（一）合成介词和复杂介词
1、合成介词: inside, into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon within, without
2、复杂介词: according to, along with, apart from, as for, as to, because of, by means of, in front
of, in spite of, instead of, in accordance with, on account of, on behalf of, owing to, due to, together with, up to, with regard to, prior to等 （二）介词在句末:
1、This is what he is interested in. 2、Does everyone has a seat to sit on? （三）名词加介词 ( n + prep)
1、某些名词之后要求用某些介词: solution to, faith in, glance at, need for
2、某些名词之前要求用某些介词: on one’s guard, at one’s request, in all probability, to my
delight （四）动词加介词
1、Vi. + prep.: prevail on, appeal to, fall into, apply for, touch upon 2、Vt. + O + prep.: lay emphasis on, take advantage of等 3、Vi. + adv. + prep.:
· I don’t wish to break in on your thoughts.
The family came up against fresh problems.
You’re not telling me the whole story. You’re holding out on me. She got off with him soon after she began to work at the institution. 4、Vt. + O + adv. +prep.: You shouldn’t take your resentment out on me.
（五）形容词加介词
1、about——anxious, careful, careless, certain, considerate, enthusiastic, guilty, happy, mad,
particular, sad, sure, timid, unhappy, etc
2、at——awkward, bad, clever, disappointed, disgusted, good, marvelous, quick, skilful, skilled,
useless, weak, etc
3、for——convenient, eligible, grateful, homesick, hungry, necessary, noted, perfect, responsible,
etc
4、from——evident, exempt, inseparable, safe, tired, etc
5、in——deficient, expert, liberal, quick, rich, successful, weak, etc 6、of——apprehensive, characteristic, critical, destructive, envious, hard, inconsiderate, impatient,
dependent, jealous, positive, scared, sensible, short, sick, suspicious, typical, worthy, etc
7、on——dependent, keen, intent, etc
8、to——acceptable, accessible, agreeable, alive, attentive, blind, comparable, courteous, deaf,
destructive, essential, favorable, hostile, indifferent, married, obedient, parallel, preferable, related, responsible, sensitive, suitable, unjust, etc
9、with——awkward, bored, careful, disappointed, generous, identical, ill, impatient, popular, sick,
wrong, etc 六、连词 （一）并列连词
1、表示意义的引申: and, both…and, not only…but(also), as well as, and …as well, neither…nor 2、表示选择: or, either…or
3、表示转折: but, while, whereas, yet, however/nevertheless(也可认为是副词) 4、表示因果: for, so, therefore, hence （二）从属连词
1、表示时间: when, while, as, after, before, since, until(till), as soon as, once 2、表示原因: because, as, since, now that, seeing that
3、表示条件: if, unless, in case, provided(that), suppose, as long as, on condition (that), 4、表示其他关系: (al)though, than, as/so…as, lest, in order that, so…that 七、定语从句
（一）限制和非限制性定语从句
1、限制性定语从句是名词词组不可缺少的一个组成部分, 去掉了会造成病句或意义不明确; 非限制性定语从句属于补充说明性质, 去掉了不会影响主要意义, 通常用逗号与它的先行词分开.