发布时间 : 星期六 文章高中英语教师学科专业素养二级标准（试行） - 图文更新完毕开始阅读da8399e469eae009591bec36
As he is working hard，he is likely to succeed. 2.before在不同语境的意义
It won’t be long before you regret what you have done. Think before you speak.
He rushed out of the room before I could say a word.
3.特殊的名词词组或副词引导的时间状语从句。如：the moment,the minute,the time,the day,the year,every time, next time,immediately,instantly,directly等。 I recognized him the moment I saw her. 4.特殊句式
例题：_______, I think, and your dream will _____ . A. If you double your efforts…come true B. A bit more efforts…come true
C. Making greater efforts…come truely D. So long as you keep up your spirits…realize 答案： B
讲解:考查固定句式及并列连词的用法：―祈使句或名词短语+ and/or/otherwise + 陈述句（多含will）‖。
在该结构中，祈使句或名词短语相当于引导的条件状语从句，后面的陈述句相当于主句，其谓语动词时态用一般将来时。如果祈使句与陈述句为顺承关系，则用并列连词and连接。如果祈使句与陈述句为否定关系，则用并列or/otherwise连接。句意为―如果你再努力一点，你的梦想就会实现‖
= If you make a bit more efforts, you'll succeed. 十、定语从句
学习定语从句，注意以下要点：
1．Which、that引导定语从句指物时的不同。 只用which的情况 1 )在介词后面
2)在非限制性定语从句中
The pen with which I did my homework just now is not here now. I have lost the pen，which I like very much. 只用that的情况
1 )当先行词是all， everything， anyhing， something， nothing， none时； 2)当先行词有最高级或序数词修饰时；
This is the first time that I have seen the film；
3)当先行词有only， any， no， little， few， all,the same ,the very等词修饰时；This is the only thing that I can do for you.
4)当先行词既有人又有物时；
We talked about the persons ，and the things that we saw in that countr. 5)先行词是be的表语时或关系词在从句中作表语时 It's a book that will help you a lot.
He is no longer the man (that) he used to be.
2.当表示时间、地点、原因的名词，如day, time, place, factory, reason等作先行词，如何确定用关系代词that/which还是用关系副词when,where,why 引导定语从句。 填空:①I’ll never forget the days we spent together in Beijing. ②I’ll always remember the days we worked together in Beiing. ③This is the school she used to study. ④This is the school she built last year. ⑤The reason _____ he is absent is that he is ill. ⑥The reason _____ he gave us is that he is ill.
答案：①which/that② when③where/in which④that/which⑤why ⑥that/which
从上例可知：判断which/that还是when/ where/why，要根据关系词在从句子中的作用而定。如果作主语或宾语，就要用which/that; 如果作时间/地点状语/原因状语则用when或where/ why. 3.as与which引起的定语从句的异同
as与which都可指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，在从句中作主语、宾语、或表语，一般可互换。如：
The cap looks like a cat,as /which anybody can see.
但当引导词代表前边整个句子的内容并在从句中作主语且谓语动词为实义动词，只用which引导。如：
He came late,which made the teacher very angry. 只用as的三种情况：
1）位于句首 2）表―正如，正像‖之意 3）用于类似插入语的句式。 如：as you know,as is said above,as is known to us ,as it is等。
还要注意such…as 和the same…as搭配与such…that或the same…that的不同。 This is the same book as I lost yesterday.(同类异物) This is the same book that I lost yesterday.(同物)
He asked such a difficult question as nobody can answer.(定语从句) He asked such a difficult question that nobody can answer it.(状语从句) 4.介词/介词短语+ which / whom引导非限制性的定语从句
关系代词前面的介词使用是根据其与先行词的搭配关系。 We'll never forget the day on which we went camping. (on the day) The woman to whom we spoke is from the USA. (speak to sb.) His glasses，without which he was like a blind man，fell to the ground and broke.
含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如: look for， look afer， take care of等。
This is the watch ( which / that)I am looking for. (正) This is the watch for which I am looking. (误)
“介词（of）+关系代词”前还可有some， any， none， all， both， neither， many， most， each， few 等代词或者数词。如:
He loves his parents deeply， both of whom are very kind to him.
In the basket there are quite many apples， some of which have gone bad. 5.与强调句型、状语从句的区别 ① --Where did you get to know her? --It was on the farm ____ we worked.
② It was on the farm _____ they met each other. ③He bought a farm ______ he used to work. A.that B.there C.which D.where
答案：D (定从); A(强调句型); D(状语从句
十一、特殊句式（包括省略与替代、倒装句式和强调句型） 注意要点：
1．体现在状语从句中的省略
在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中如果谓语动词含有动词be，主语又与主句的主语一致或主语是it时，主语和be均可以省略。如: Be careful when ( you are) crossing the street. (时间)
Once tasted (= Once it is tasted)， the dish is hard to forget. (条件) Rats should be wiped out where（they are）found .(地点) Though ( he is )young, he knows a lot.(让步)
People always shake hands and say \时间)
2.虚拟语气中if和should的省略。
如果从句中有were， should或had，可以把这些词放在主语前面构成倒装，而将if省去。 表达为：― were/had/ should +主语‖
①Were I in school again， I would work hard.
②Should it rain tomorrow， I would not go shopping.
③Had you been here earier，you would have seen your mother. The workers demanded that their wages (should) be increased. 3.不定式中to的省略和不定式符号to后面内容的省略 不定式中to的省略。如：
I heard someone sing in the next room.
但：Someone was heard to sing in the next room. He did nothing but wait all the time. 但：He has no choice but to wait. 不定式符号to后面内容的省略
在同一语句或紧密相连的对话中，作宾语或宾补的不定式再次出现，to后内容省略，只保留to。
用于这类情况的常用动词有：love,like,mean,hope,wish等。
用带不定式作宾补的动词有：tell,ask,order,allow,permit,expect等。 形容词有：glad,happy,willing,able,ready等。 如：--Would you like to have a walk with me?
--I’d love to,but I am too busy now.(I’m glad to, but I am too busy now.) Don’t touch anything unless your teacher tells you to. 4.替代性省略
not与think，suppose， beleve， guess， expect， be afraid等连用，代替否定的宾语从句，so代替肯定的宾语从句。如:
一Do you think he's got the meaning of the text? 一I expect so / I expect not
5.表地点（时间）的方位副词或介词短语作状语位于句首，引起全部倒装。这种倒装主语必须是名词，谓语常是表示方位或转移的不及物动词，如：lie,live,sit,stand,be,come,go,rise,walk,run等，主语若是人称代词或谓语不属上述动词之列，则不用完全倒装。例如： Out rushed the boy with an apple in his hand. On the top of the hill stands a temple where the old man once lived. Here we are!
Then she went to the shop. 6．准确认定倒装部分。
only修饰状语从句位于句首时，将主句进行部分倒装。
not only…but(also)…连接两个分句，not only所引导的句子要倒装，但but(also)部分不要倒装。若not only…but(also)…连接两个主语，句子不要倒装。