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(1) 摘译

汉译英

剑桥大学出版社是隶属于剑桥大学的印刷出版单位,它是剑桥大学不可或缺的部分,具有与大学一样的目标:增进知识、提升教育、促进学习和研究水平。几个世纪以来,它印刷出版了大量的学术性、教育性书刊、期刊、试卷和圣经,让全世界读者都能读到这些出版物,从而扩大了剑桥大学的研究和教育活动。

Translated version 1: Cambridge University Press is the printing and publishing house of the University of Cambridge. It is an integrate part of the University and also share with it the similar objectives, that is to enhance knowledge, to advance education and to improve learning and research. For centuries the Press has extended the research and teaching activities of the University by making available worldwide through its printing and publishing a remarkable range of academic and educational books, journals, examinations papers and Bibles.

Translated version 2: As the printing and publishing house and an integrate part of the University of Cambridge, Cambridge University Press shares similar objectives with the University in advancing knowledge , education, learning and research. For centuries, the Press has extended the research and teaching activities of it by making available worldwide a remarkable range of publications.

解析:这篇汉译英例文摘自一篇关于宣传剑桥大学的文章。根据摘译的要则:译者要使摘译后的译文体现原文的主要内容,通过浅显直白顺畅的译文来向读者传达其感兴趣的信息内容。例文1虽然忠实于原文,然而作为一种简单的宣传性文章,译成英文后内容冗长,结构复杂,主旨不清,会影响到读者的阅读兴趣,难以把握主旨大意,失去宣传效果。然而译文2却提高了文字的概括性,并且截去了“学术性、教育性书刊、期刊、试卷和圣经”等介绍性叙述,很好的突出了主旨,具有一目了然的效果。

英译汉

Antistine is a medicine for the treatment of allergic affections. It either attenuates or suppresses the effect of histamine which plays a major role in provoking allergic disorders. It is upon this experimentally confirmed ability to antagonize histamine that the indications for Antistine are based. It can be taken ether orally or by injection such as Intramuscularly, Intravenously, and Subcutaneously. The indications of this medicine is Urticaria; food allergies; hay fever; vasomotor rhinitis; itching duo to skin diseases, including eczema; pruritus; and serum sickness.

Translated version 1: 安替司丁是用于治疗过敏性病症的抗组胺剂。它可减弱或抑制组胺作用,组胺在激发过敏性病症中起主要作用。本品的适应症正是根据这种实验证明的抗组胺作用来确定的。此药可口服,亦可通过肌肉注射,静脉注射,和皮下注射。其适用症包括荨麻疹、食物过敏、枯草热、血管舒缩性鼻炎;由于皮肤病症引起的瘙痒包括湿疹、搔痒病和血清病。

Translated version 2: 安替司丁是一款治疗过敏性病症的抗组胺剂。可口服,也可注射使用。本品主要适用于荨麻疹、食物过敏、枯草热、血管舒缩性鼻炎以及皮肤病症引起的瘙痒。

解析:此英译汉例文是一篇广告宣传翻译。广告词的主要特点是简洁凝练、明白易懂、朗朗上口、新颖独特、主题突出。例文1虽然忠实原文,但过于专业化,内容冗长,读来艰涩难懂且绕口,不利于广告宣传。通过摘译后,例文2则简洁凝练,主题鲜明,朗朗上口,严格的遵循了广告词的特点,达到了宣传的效果。

(2) 编译

汉译英

此地正当我国南北海岸线的中部,地理位置优越。这里平均海拔高度为4米左右,属热带季风气候,四季分明、日照充分,雨量充沛。作为一个国际化的大都市,交通十分发达。有通往世界59个城市国际的航线和14条海上国际航线,两个国际机场;有中国最大的港口,与世界上200多个国家和地区的1100多港口建立航运关系;有各种铁路线近百条。便利的交通促进了它与世界各国的交往。

Shanghai is strategically located on the tip of Yangtze Delta. Averages about 4 meters above sea level, it has a favorable tropical monsoon climate. With 14 international sea routes, 2 international airports, the biggest port in China, and about 100 railway lines, Shanghai boasts as an international city with excellent transports links that benefited its relationship with the rest of the world.

解析:根据编译的定义,编译是一种与编辑相结合的翻译手段,其翻译过程需要整合其他

与原文相关的文字材料,以求编译的文章符合特定的要求,并且迎合特殊的读者群。此例文的原文部分是关于上海的详细介绍说明,在编译的过程中,添加了原文所没有的信息,如上海,长江三角洲前缘(此处是对正当我国南北海岸线的中部的概括)使得编译后的文字突出了主体。同时根据编译,译文编选了原文中关于介绍上海交通部分的文字,删减了不必要的叙述,但同时又能够体现原文所要表达的上海交通发达,是中国与世界各国联系的枢纽这一主旨。使得这篇介绍性文字主旨鲜明,结构清晰,简介易懂。

英译汉

The problem we are facing is structural and very acute.

Currently, domestic oil supply is increasingly falling behind. Imports are increasing every year and the proportion of natural gas has fallen below.

The energy industry stills works with outdated technology and equipment. There is much room for improvement in sage production practices.

There is very little clean and highly efficient energy. As our economy develops, substantial environmental issues emerge and threatened people’s life, thus the demands for energy development are reaching a new level.

目前,中国能源发展面临的问题主要是结构性矛盾和严重的环境问题:国内石油缺口越来越大,进口量逐年上升,天然气利用率低,能源工业技术落后,安全生产有待改善,洁净

高效能源比重低,难以满足节能环保,经济发展的需求。

解析: 例文取自部分介绍我国能源问题的论文摘要,根据编译所采取的分段取义的方法,

编译后的内容对原文每段取其主旨意义,并且舍去不必要的内容,使得译文由四个句子成为了并列的词组,并且通过解释性的冒号使得译文成为一句总括性的话语,相较原文结构简洁,主旨鲜明,概括性高,更加符合论文摘要凝练,概括,突出主旨的特点。

(3) 改译

汉译英

渣打银行是国际领先的新兴市场银行 渣打银行的总部设在伦敦

渣打银行在业务中努力达到社会在道德、法律、商业对我们的预期 渣打银行的目标是让所有利益相关者受益

Translated version 1: Standard Chartered is the world’s leading emerging market bank. Standard Chartered’s headquarter is in London.

Standard Chartered strives to operate in a manner that meets or exceeds the

ethical, legal, commercial expectations of society.

Standard Chartered’s objective is to benefit all of our stakeholders.

Translated version 1: Standard Chartered is the world’s leading emerging market bank with its headquarter is in London. While striving to meet the ethical, legal, commercial expectations of society, it aims to benefit all of our stakeholders.

解析:改译的目的是改变原文的内容,风格,形式来达到一定的翻译目的。例文1严格遵

循了原文的格式,而例文2则通过改变句子结构,采用分句,合句的改译方法使得通篇成为了简短,逻辑的两句话,改变了原文的格式,较之例文1更加的规范,简洁。

英译汉

Unless you’ve an ace up your sleeve, we are dished. 除非你有锦囊妙计,否则我们是输定了。

解析:在文化翻译中,当原文具有相当原语文化内涵时,将之译成目的语后,为了能使读

者了然其中的意味,就应当采用改译的手法,改变原文的内容,风格或者形式来取得翻译传神的效果。例文中,“an ace up your sleeve”是一个极富英语文化韵味的俗语,如果采取字对字的翻译,那么汉语读者就会不知所云,但是采用改译的手法,用汉语成语“锦囊妙计”来代替,不但使得汉语读者明白了原文的意思,也使得译文在形式和风格上与原文有异曲同工之妙。

(4) 缩译

汉译英

酱香突出,幽雅细腻,酒体醇厚,回味悠长,空杯留香持久,历届国家名酒评比之冠,尊为

国酒。 (茅台酒广告)

Carefully Brewed Pure and Mellow

With a Long-Lasting Aroma

(China Pictorial)

解析: 缩译是采用精确的文字来传达原文的主旨要义。例文中的汉语广告正文以词组形式

出现,内容冗长,译文则进行了调整,将其拆分为3个独立成行的词组,使广告更加一目了然,能简洁清晰的传达信息。

英译汉

Correspondence Course Available

The Correspondence Department of Shanghai International Studies University will provide a variety of Correspondence Courses: Basic English, Foreign Trade English, International Economy and Trade, Basic Japanese, Basic Russian. The courses are open to applicants all over the country. The duration of the each course is one year, one and a half years or two years. A certificate will be issued upon successful completion of a course.

上海外国语学院函授部招生

招收班别:基础英语,中级英语班,科技英语班,外贸英语班,国际经贸专业英语班,基础

日语版,基础俄语班。

招生对象:全国各地有志于外语学习者

学习年限:一年,一年半,两年。学习期满,经考试合格发给单科结业证书或学业证书。

解析: 作为通知,原文在内容,格式上明显复杂,通过缩译,将原文每句话要表达的意思

提取出来并列一次排列,使得译文形式简单,成为原文的缩略版,但是内容更加凝练,主旨突出,逻辑鲜明。

(5) 阐译

汉译英

知之为知之,不知为不知,是知也。

When you know a thing, to hold that you know it, and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it—this is knowledge.

(孔子 《论语》,James Legge译)

解析: 句中一连出现了五个“知”字,前四个“知”的词性和指称意义相同,都做动词“知

道”解。这样,译者也很容易理解最后一个“知”是名词“知识”。作为译者,在理解了简明扼要的中文表达后,需要结合自己的理解来对原文进行阐译,进一步解释,翻译原文,加入自己的评价甚至更多的信息来服务目的语读者。

英译汉

My first teaching job was at a high school in Georgia. Having been born and raised in the North, I had some initial difficulty in understanding my student s’ accents. Jokingly, I said to one girl, “I do

wish you Southerners would speak English!” “We do.” She replied.

“Well, it’s not King’s English,\

“Sure it is,\ was a Southerner.\

我的初次执教始于佐治亚的一所高中。由于生长在北方 , 我起初难以听懂我学生的口音。我对一个女孩子开玩笑地说“真希望你们这些南方佬都讲英语 !”“我们是说英语呀 ,”她答道。“可是 , 不是标准英语。”我反驳道。“当然是标准英语 ,”她说 ,“别忘了 , 埃尔维丝(Elvis是美国 60 年代著名的流行歌称“猫王”)。可是个南方人。”

解析: 这样的译文虽然忠实流畅 , 但是弥漫在字里行间的文化气息让读者如云雾。那么久

可以通过阐译的方法使用文外加注 , 使译文忠实地传递源文的意义。上段中的女学生聪明调皮, Elvis是南方人 , 同时又被称为“王” (king) , 那么她讲的英语当然就是 King’s English(标准英语,规范英语)。这样一来,译者通过加入自己的解释性语言,使得目的语读者清对原文的文化内涵清楚明白。