发布时间 : 星期一 文章北京市丰台区2020届高三上学期期末考试英语试题 Word版含解析更新完毕开始阅读e25a7e7d3369a45177232f60ddccda38376be10d
到明尼苏达的圣保罗后依然如此，在一次抄近路回家，经过一个冰冻池塘，作者看到了一个在练习滑冰的小女孩，她在经历了无数次的摔倒后，一周后突然腾空而起，这一幕使作者深受教育，他开始自学滑冰，一次次的摔倒，一次次的重新站起来，重新开始，最后成为了一支获胜冰球队的一员。 【34题详解】
细节理解题。第一段最后两句：“When I’d fallen and broken my wrist during my second lesson, I’d decided never to put on ice skates again.”，作者在上滑冰课的第二次就摔断的手腕，他决定再也不穿溜冰鞋了，就是不再学滑冰了，选项C是作者曾经想放弃学习滑冰，切题，故选C。 【35题详解】
推理判断题。读完全文，知道作者从曾经放弃学习滑冰，到再重新开始学习，是因为看到了小女孩在经历了无数次的摔倒后，一周后突然腾空而起，成功了，池塘上的小女孩鼓励了作者，选项B是作者提到池塘上的小女孩是想表明她激励了他，切题，故选B。 【36题详解】
细节理解题。最后一段：“It was hard being a beginner, ……every time I went down, I just picked myself up and started over again. Soon I was able to keep my balance and skate more confidently. In just a few weeks, I was actually ready to practice the speed skating, fast stops, and quick turns needed for ice hockey. ……I tried out and was chosen for a team. By the end of the season, I was part of a winning team.”，作者练习时一次次的摔倒，一次次的重新站起来，重新开始，可以看出作者练习地很艰苦，最后作者被选进冰球队，成为了一支获胜冰球队的一员，作者成功了，获得了成功，这是艰苦练习的奖励，选项B是作者的训练是艰苦的，但是有回报的，切题，故选B。 【37题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，故事情节告诉我们作者从放弃滑冰到受到鼓励自学，经过艰苦的练习，最后成功了，选项A：条条大道通罗马。选项B：活到老学到老。选项C：善有善报。选项D：有志者事竟成。选项D切题，故选D。
C
A star athlete at the college where I work recently stopped by my office. After committing a few unforced errors during a weekend match, she was riven by self-criticism. “I’m at peak fitness, and I practice hard. How is this happening?” She asked.
This student believes she should be able to control the outcomes of her life by virtue of her hard work. She has a sense that hours on the field should get her exactly where she needs to go. Many
students have similar mentality. When they win, they feel powerful and smart. When they fail, they are crushed by self-blame. If my achievements are mine to control, they reason, my failures must be entirely my fault, too.
We talk often about young adults struggling with failure because their parents have protected them from discomfort. But there is something else at play: a false promise that they can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it.
Psychologists have sourced this phenomenon to a misapplication of “mindset” research, which has found that praising children for effort will increase academic performance. A 2018 analysis found that while praising effort over ability may benefit economically disadvantaged students, it does not necessarily help everyone.
One possible explanation comes from Suniya Luthar, who argued in a research paper that for teens in wealthy, pressure-cooker communities, “it is not a lack of motivation and perseverance (毅力) that is the big problem. Instead, it is unhealthy perfectionism, and difficulty with backing off when they should, when the desire for achievements is over the top.” They push themselves onward in face of impossible goals. A 2007 study found that teens who refused to give up impossible goals showed higher levels of C-reaction protein, a marker of systemic inflammation (全身炎症) linked to heart disease and other medical conditions. A 2014 study showed a connection between the perfectionist tendencies and depression.
The cruel reality is that you can do everything in your power and still fail. Instead of allowing our kids to beat themselves up when things don’t go their way, we adults should help students pursue success in healthier ways in part by redefining failure as a feature, not a bug, of learning. At Smith College where I teach, students are asked to explore how setbacks and missteps made them stronger or more effective. We would be wise to remind our kids that life has a way of sucker-punching (意外打击) us when we least expect it. It’s often the people who learn to say “stuff happens” who get up the fastest.
38. Why was star athlete trapped by self-blame? A. She broke down during the match. B. She didn’t try her best in the match. C. She believed hard work should pay off. D. She thought she should have practiced harder.
39. What can we learn from Paragraph 5?
A. Lack of motivation and perseverance leads to teens’ failure. B. Praising children for effort increases academic performance. C. Children struggle with failure due to parents’ over-protection. D. Unhealthy perfectionism causes physical and emotional stress. 40. According to the author, adults should _________. A. help students learn from failure B. protect students from discomfort C. reward students for their hard work D. explore the cause of students’ failure
41. Which of the following does the author probably agree with? A. Effort equals achievement. B. Motivation is the key to success. C. Success is not always under control. D. Effort is more important than ability. 【答案】38. C 39. D 40. A 41. C 【解析】
这是一篇说明文。研究表明“心态”的误用使年青人有了个伪命题：如果他们愿意为之工作，他们就能取得任何成就。但实际并非如此，生活会在最不经意的时候，给你打击，反而是那些经常说“事情会发生”的人站起来得最快。 【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句““I’m at peak fitness, and I practice hard. How is this happening?” She asked.”，第二段开始：“This student believes she should be able to control the outcomes of her life by virtue of her hard work.”，这位明星运动员深陷自责，她觉得她足够努力，她能通过努力来控制生活的结果，选项C：她相信努力工作就会有回报。题目问明星运动员深陷自责的原因，所以选项C切题，故选C。 【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段：“Instead, it is unhealthy perfectionism, and difficulty with backing off when they should, when the desire for achievements is over the top.” 相反，这是不健康的完美主义，当对成就的渴望超过巅峰时，他们很难在应该退的时候退缩。“A 2007 study found that teens
who refused to give up impossible goals showed higher levels of C-reaction protein, a marker of systemic inflammation (全身炎症) linked to heart disease and other medical conditions. A 2014 study showed a connection between the perfectionist tendencies and depression.”，2007年和2014年的研究表明拒绝放弃不可能的目标会产生心脏病以及其它医学相关的炎症，抑郁与此有关。选项D：不健康的完美主义会导致身体和情感压力。所以，从第五段可以知道的研究结论是选项D切题，故选D。 【40题详解】
细节理解题。最后一段：“……we adults should help students pursue success in healthier ways in part by redefining failure as a feature, not a bug, of learning.” 我们成年人应该帮助学生以更健康的方式追求成功，将失败重新定义为学习的一个特征，而不是错误。选项A是要帮助学生从失败中学习，所以选项A切题，故选A。 【41题详解】
推理判断题。文中作者用了研究结论来说明：“The cruel reality is that you can do everything in your power and still fail.”，残酷的现实是，你可以尽你所能，仍然失败。所以可以推测出作者同意的观点是：付出未必总是有回报，选项C：成功并不总是在控制之下。选项C切题，故选C。
D
Plants do not listen to the radio. But a team of researchers in Greece recently found a way to turn lemons into very small “radio stations” that can broadcast information about their trees’ moisture content to a smartphone—the first step toward creating what the researchers call an “Internet of plants.”
Scientists had previously attached sensors to trees to measure their water use, but “no other team had created a wireless radio network among plants, sending information while consuming only a few microwatts and costing just a few dollars,” says project leader Aggelos Bletsas, a professor of electrical and computer engineering at the Technical University of Crete.
The network consists of several basic components: an existing FM radio station, an antenna (天线) attached to a lemon growing on a tree, a humidity (湿度) sensor in the lemon, a transistor connected to an antenna and an FM receiver. First, the antenna picks up the signal from the FM station, and then passes the signal to the transistor, which is modulated by the humidity sensor. The sensor switches the transistor on and off at a rate dependent on the plant’s moisture level: if the soil is wet or