发布时间 : 星期日 文章大学英语补充阅读材料一级 - 图文更新完毕开始阅读e67e3be09b89680203d825eb
Passage 12 slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what the answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.
If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find the way to get the right answer. Let’s end all this nonsense of grades, exams, marks. Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know.
1. What does the author think is the best way for children to learn things? A. By copying what other people do.
B. By making mistakes and having them corrected. C. By listening to explanations from skilled people. D. By asking a great many questions.
2. What does the author think teachers to which they should not do? A. They give children correct answers.
B. They point out children’s mistakes to them. C. They allow children to mark their own work
D. They encourage children to copy from one another.
3. The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are __________.
A. not really important skills
B. more important than other skills
C. basically different from learning adult skills D. basically the same as learning other skills
4. Exams, grades and marks should be abolished because children’s progress should only be estimated by ___________.
A. educated persons B. the children themselves C. teachers D. parents 5. Why should children learn to judge their own work? A. Because most children don’t like their teachers. B. Because their parents ask them to do so.
C. Because they can learn much more things in this way. D. None of the above.
Passage 12
Every animal is a living radiator —— heat formed in its cells is given off through its skin. Warm blooded animals maintain a steady temperature by constantly replacing lost surface heat; smaller animals, which have more skin for every ounce of
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成都理工大学外国语学院 大学英语精品课程 一级阅读补充材料
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Passage 12 body weight, must produce heat faster than bigger ones, Because smaller animals burn fuel faster, scientists say they live faster.
The speed at which an animal lives is determined by measuring the rate at which it uses oxygen. A chicken, for example, uses one half cubic centimeter of oxygen every hour for each gram it weighs. The tiny shrew uses four cubic centimeters of oxygen every hour for each gram it weighs. Because it uses oxygen eight times as fast, it is said that the mouselike shrew is living eight times as fast as the chicken. The smallest of the warm blooded creatures, the hummingbird, lives a hundred times as fast as an elephant.
There is a limit to how small a warm blooded animal can be. A mammal or bird that weighed only two and a half grams would starve to death. It would burn up its food too rapidly and would not be able to eat fast enough to supply more fuel. 1. The selection says that every animal is a living radiator because it A. produces heat in its body cells B. burns fuel to produce heat C. gives off heat through its skin D. requires oxygen to produce heat
2. Small animals are said to live faster than big ones because they A. have more skin for every ounce of body weight B. replace lost heat faster C. burn fuel faster
D. maintain a higher body temperature
3. The speed at which an animal lives is determined by measuring A. the amount of food it eats
B. its body temperature
C. the rate at which it uses oxygen D. the amount of oxygen it uses
4. The amount of oxygen an animal uses depends on . A. its body weight B. the food it eats
C. its general size and shape D. the length of time it lives
5. An animal weighing less than 2 1/2 grams would starve because it would
not be able to . A. get enough oxygen
B. maintain its body temperature
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成都理工大学外国语学院 大学英语精品课程 一级阅读补充材料
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Passage 13 C. burn its food fast enough D. eat fast enough to supply fuel
Passage 13
People everywhere agree on what a mountain is. The fact is that definitions vary. Everyone admits, for example, that Everest is a mountain, the highest of them all, with an altitude of almost 30,000 feet. But what about Snowdon, the loftiest peak in Wales? It rises a mere 3000 feet, yet it is also called a mountain. Comparison, a little matter of relativity, is the key. To the average person living \Plains, Vermont's Green Mountains look lofty indeed, but to anyone from the Rocky Mountains, the Green Mountains seem nothing more than hills.
Geographers generally agree that, to be a mountain topographically (在地形学方面) , a landmass must reach an altitude of 3000 feet above the level of the sea. Mount Everest, for instance, is 30,000 feet above sea level, but only 15,000 feet above the neighboring Tibetan plateau. Geologists restrict the definition even more, maintaining that a mountain is a mountain by virtue of its geological structure. Some rugged highlands are not really mountains, while some flat, low-lying rock surfaces are true mountains. They are low now because of centuries of erosion. There are even mountains under the sea, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, for example. Like all true mountains, they were originally formed by large-scale movements of the earth's crust.
1. How high a mountain looks to the average person depends on what he
A. compares it with C. reads about geology B. knows about the climate D. thinks of topography
2. Everest is the highest mountain in
A. the world C. North America B. Europe D. Africa
3. Geographers measure mountains by comparing them with
A. the surrounding land C. the level of the sea B. the height to which clouds rise D. other mountains
4. Geologists are not primarily concerned with a mountain's
A. history C. structure B. height D. formation
5. Most flat, low-lying mountains are
A. very old C. exceptionally beautiful B. found in the ocean D. covered with snow
Passage 14
Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will
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成都理工大学外国语学院 大学英语精品课程 一级阅读补充材料
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Passage 14 probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.
For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.
1. Normally a student would at least attend ____ classes each week. A. 3
B. 12
C. 15
D. 20
2. According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed _____.
A. to live in a different university
B. to take a particular course in a different university C. to live at home and drive to classes
D. to get two degrees from two different universities
3. American university students are usually under pressure of work because _________.
A. they want to run for positions of authority B. they are heavily involved in student affairs C. they have to observe university discipline
D. their academic performance will affect their future careers
4. Some students are enthusiastic for positions in student organizations probably
because ________.
A. they hate the constant pressure and strain of their study. B. they will then be able to stay longer in the university
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成都理工大学外国语学院 大学英语精品课程 一级阅读补充材料