发布时间 : 星期二 文章TEM 4语法解析与模拟练习更新完毕开始阅读e6bec539376baf1ffc4fad76
1）现在完成时常和for 或 since等表示一段时间的状语连用，但是在since做连词用的从句中，谓语动词常用过去时。例如
I have worked in the company since I came to the city. 自从到这个城市以来，我一直在这家公司工作。 The students have studied English for about ten years. 那些学生学英语已经差不多十年了。 2）在由until (till, up to) now, up to the present, so far, some time, in (for, over, during) the past (last, recent ) few (several, two?) months (days?)等结构中也常用现在完成时表示动作的持续。例如：
Up to now, I have finished two-thirds of the work. 到目前为止，我已完成了三分之二的工作。 So far she has written five books. 她到现在为止已经写了五本书了。 （五） 过去完成时
1. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前刚刚完成或结束，也可能是早已完成或结束。例如：
The film had begun when we arrived at the cinema. 我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始了。
2. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某时之前已开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，且仍有继续下去的可能性。只适用于状态动词和表示持续性动作的动词，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：
By the end of last year, he had work here for thirty years. 到去年年底，他已经在这干了30年了。 He perhaps had made some friends by then. 到那时，他可能已经交了几个朋友。 （六） 现在进行时 （七） 过去进行时
过去进行时也可以用来表示过去预计将要发生的动作。例如： I didn’t know he was coming until yesterday. 直到昨天我才知道他要来。
He asked me whether I was leaving for Japan. 他问我是否要动身去日本。 （八） 将来完成时
1. 将来完成时表示将来某时刻之前或某一行为发生之前所完成的动作，常和by 或 by the time等结构连用。其形式为：“will/ shall + have + 过去分词”构成。例如：
I shall have finished reading the book by the end of this week. 到这个周末我就把这本书看完了。
2. 表示将来某时刻为止动作的持续时，也可以用将来完成时。例如： They’ll have worked in the company for five years by next month. 到下个月他们就在这个公司工作5年了。
Professor Peter will have taught for twenty years by the end of this year. Peter教授到今年年底就教了20年的书了。 （九） 现在完成进行时
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现在完成进行时可以用来表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话时刻还在继续或刚刚结束。常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：for two years, these few weeks, since early morning等。一般只适用于动作动词。其形式为：“have/ has been + 现在分词”构成。例如：
I have been writing letters all this morning. 我写了一上午信。 （十） 被动语态 被动语态形式为：“be + 及物动词的过去分词”。 1. 英语中有时用主动形式表示被动意义。例如： This type of television set sells well. 这种电视机卖得很好。 This pen writes smoothly. 这支笔很好写。
常用的这类动词有：wash, write, sell, lock, shut, clean等。常用的副词有：easily, well, quickly, smoothly等。
2. 动词want, deserve, need, require及worth等词后接动名词的主动态表示被动意义。例如：
This novel is worth reading. 这本小说值得一读。
The point deserves mentioning. (The point deserves to be mentioned.) 这一点值得提到。
四级语法之——助动词、情态动词
（一） can 和 could 用来表示推测的用法
1．Can和could可以用来表示推测。Can和could表示推测的这一用法通常用于否定句或疑问句中，表示对现在、将来及过去情况进行否定的推测。 通常有两种形式：
1） 表示对现在或未来情况进行否定的推测，其结构为：“can’t/ couldn’t + 动词原形”或“can’t/ couldn’t + be + 现在分词”。 2） 表示对已经发生的情况进行推测，其结构为：“can’t/ couldn’t + have + 过去分词”。例如：
She couldn’t make mistakes on this matter. 在这个问题上她不应该犯错误。 He couldn’t have said such a thing. 他应该不会说出这种话的。
2．Can用于某些固定搭配种。例如： I can but do my best. 我只好尽全力了。 I can’t help but cry. 我忍不住哭了起来。
You cannot be too careful when crossing the street. 穿越马路时怎么小心也不过分。
（二） may和might 用来表示推测的用法
1．May和might表示可能性、推测。May和might 在表示可能性、推测时，意
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为“也许、可能、大概”。通常用于肯定句中。具体有两种用法： 1） 表示对现在或未来情况进行推测，其结构为：“may/might + 动词原形”或“may/ might + be + 现在分词”。
2） 表示对已经发生的情况进行推测，其结构为：“may/ might + have + 过去分词”。例如：
Such an experienced teacher may sometimes make mistakes. 经验这么丰富的老师有时也可能会出差错。 He may be having the meeting now. 也许他现在正在开会。
2．May 用于某些固定搭配中。例如： You may as well know the truth. 你知道真实情形也无妨。
It may well rain. 或许会下雨。
You may well say so. 你大可那样说。 （三） must用来表示推测的用法
1．Must可以用于肯定句中表示对现在、将来或过去情况进行推测。通常有两种形式：
1） 表示对现在或未来情况进行肯定的推测，其结构为：“must + 动词原形 + be + 现在分词”。
2） 表示对已经发生的情况进行肯定的推测，其结构为：“must + have + 过去分词”。例如： It must rain soon.
待会儿一定会下雨。
He must be having the meeting now. 他现在一定是在开会。
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地上湿湿的。
（四） need用来表示过去想做而没有做的事
Need可与完成时连用，表示“过去做了某事，但事实上没有必要做”。其形式为：“needn’t + have + 过去分词”。例如： You needn’t have told him about the matter. 你本来没有必要告诉他那件事。（事实上已经告诉了） You needn’t have bought the dictionary. 你没有必要买那本字典。（但你却买了）
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英语专四语法与词汇模拟练习题1
1. That fellow is clever; he has . A. brain B. a brain C. the brain D. brains 2. I beg tomorrow's meeting.
A. to be excused to attend B. to be excused from attend
C. to be excused from attending D. to excuse from attending
3. Most restaurants are closed during the Spring Festival. we had better eat at home.
A. After all B. Once and for all C. All in all D. That is all 4. I am sure Mary has been here and .
A. did what required her B. has done what required her
C. has done what was, required of her D. did what has been required of her 5. as much as one-fourth of all timber harvested is not used. A. The estimate B. The estimate that
C. They are estimated D. It is estimated that
6. Commercial banks make most of their income from' interest on loans and investment in stocks and bonds.
A. earn B. earned C. to earn D. earning
7. As the sky grew darker, it became obvious to us that the boys to finish the game quickly if they wanted to avoid the storm. A. have B. would have C. ought to have D. having
8. Little Marie did not go to the party. I understand that she was unhappy . A. so she could not go B. that she could not go
C. yet she would not be able to go D. that was not able to go 9. Home economists recommend in large quantities. A. to buy basical food items B. buying basic items of the food C. buying basic food items D. to buy basic food items
10. Wood furniture does not depreciated in value properly handled and protected.
A. if B. has C. and D. that
11. In the last ten years, there have been many changes in family life. Are these changes ? A. for better or for worse B. for the better or for the worse C. for the best or for the worst D. for the good or for the bad
12. An Olympic marathon is 26 miles and 385 yards, approximately from Marathon to Athens.
A. the distance is B. that the distance is C. is that the distance D. the distance
13. Peter was the football with him but he had forgotten. A. to bring B. to be bringing
C. to have brought D. to have been brought
14. Contrast may make something appear more beautiful than it is when alone. A. seen B. is seen C. to be seen D. having been seen
15. We left the meeting, there obviously no point in staying.
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