发布时间 : 星期日 文章新视野第三版第一册讲稿1-6单元更新完毕开始阅读e8b86b20b9f3f90f77c61ba8
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4. with (good/a good) grace
in a pleasant and willing way 有风度地；情愿地
John failed in the competition, but he accepted he failure with grace. 约翰在比赛中输了，但是他心平气和地接受了失败。 5. be/get caught up in sth.
become involved in sth., esp. when you do not want to be 被卷入；陷入 Innocent passersby got caught up in the riot. 无辜的路人被卷入了那场暴乱。 6. in the words of sb./in sb.’s words as sb. says or writes 用某人的话来说
Michael and his sister went to the concert, and in the words of his sister, it was a night to remember. 迈克尔和他姐姐一起去了音乐会，用他姐姐的话来说，那是难忘的一夜。 7.reserve sth. for sb./sth.
keep sth. so that it can be used by a particular person or for a particular purpose 保留；预留 If you get there early, please reserve a seat for me. 如果你到得早，请帮我留个位子。 You cannot park here; these parking places are reserved for the disabled. 你不能在这里停车。这些停车位是专门留给残疾人士的。 8. relate to sth./sb.
be able to understand a situation or the way sb. feels and thinks 理解；认同
Sam gave up his profession as a doctor. I found it really hard to relate to him. 山姆放弃了他的医生职业。我觉得很难理解他。
I know he was very disappointed when his application was rejected. I can relate to that. 我知道他的申请被拒绝后他很失望。我能理解他的感受。 9. make sense of sth.
understand sth., esp. sth. difficult or complicated 理解，弄懂某事（尤指困难或复杂的事） The teacher had such a strong accent that none of us could make sense of what he was saying. 那位老师的口音很重，所以我们谁都不明白他在说些什么。 10. sum up
give the main information in a report, speech, etc. in a short statement at the end 概括；总结；概述
I can’ t sum up his whole philosophy in one sentence. 我无法用一句话概括他的全部哲理。 11.count on
depend on sb. or sth., esp. in a difficult situation 依靠；指望
Martin is a capable person whom you can always count on in a crisis. 马丁是个能干的人，在遇到危机时你总能依靠他。 V. Text Study
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1. Main Idea
Text A is an essay on peoples view about what makes a hero. It is pointed out that in the past the word ―hero‖ was reserved for those who performed acts of courage beyond the call of duty or for great leaders, while today heroes can be ordinary people like us. Besides, first responders, whose duty is to rush toward danger, are also heroes, even when their efforts failed to bring about desirable effects. Hopefully, we will also act heroically when circumstances call on us.
2. Text Structure Question-Example-Conclusion Pattern
Part I (1) Today the word ―hero‖ becomes more common and is used to refer to both victim and survivors of all kinds of difficulties and tragedies.
Part II (2-4) Both Daniel and Dory are civilian heroes as they acted instinctively with courage and grace when situations call for.
Part III(5-12) First responders are heroes no matter they succeed in their effort to save people or get injured or killed in their efforts.
Part IV (13) The stories of heroes help remind us that ordinary people can do extraordinary things and, being inspired by them, we can also be heroes when circumstances call on us to act heroically. VI. Language Points
1. In an era of heightened heroism, the word hero has become more common. (Para. 1) Meaning: In a time when there is an increasing number of impressive actions of great courage, the word hero has been used more frequently.
heighten: v. if sth. heightens a feeling, effect, etc., or if a feeling, etc. heightens, it becomes stronger or increases （使）加强；（使）增加
Smoking may heighten the risk of cancer. 吸烟会增加患癌的风险。
2. In the days subsequent to a mass shooting in Tucson, Arizona, many described 20-year-old political associate Daniel Hernandez as a hero. (Para. 2)
Meaning: In the days after a mass shooting in Tucson, Arizona, many people regarded 20-year-old Daniel Hernandez, who worked in politics, as a hero. Usage note:
1) 在表示先后次序时，常用的形容词有next, following, last, subsequent, previous及preceding等。这些形容词通常置于被修饰的名词之前，例如：the next morning, the following class, the last week, the subsequent events, the previous meeting, the preceding page。
2) subsequent to（在…之后）和previous to（在…之前）作定语时，通常置于被修饰的名词之后。例如：
On the day subsequent to his visit, she disappeared. 在他去看她后的第二天，她失踪了。 On the night previous to the robbery, he had been seen wandering outside the huge building. 在抢劫案发生的前一晚，有人看到他在那座大楼外面徘徊。
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3. Daniel held her head up so she could breathe and applied pressure to her wounds. (Para. 2)
Meaning: Daniel held her head up so she could breathe, and he pushed hard on her wounds in order to stop the bleeding.
Note: The word apply here means ―use physical force in order to make sth. happen or work (用力压；用力启动)‖. Apply pressure to/on sth. means ―put force or weight to/on sth.‖, while apply pressure to/on sb. is used more figuratively, meaning ―persuade sb. by using influence, arguments, or threats‖. For example:
It is important to apply pressure to/on the injection site for five minutes after an injection. 打完针后一定要用力摁住打针的地方，摁五分钟。
The boss is applying pressure to/on me to finish the project in five days. 老板给我施加压力，要我在五天内完成这个项目。
4.He spoke tender words of sympathy … (Para. 2)
Meaning: He talked gently to her and expressed his understanding and care for her suffering ...
5. Dory gave his life for his wife, Mavy. (Para. 3) Meaning: Dory died in order to save his wife, Mavy.
6. … when Dory heard shots ring out he immediately fell on top of his wife to shield her from the hail of bullets. (Para. 3)
Meaning: … when Dory heard loud gunshots, he immediately fell on top of his wife to protect her from being shot as the bullets showered on them.
7 .At the memorial service, the priest said: ―Dory didn’t die a hero; he lived a hero.‖ (Para. 3)
Meaning beyond words: By saying ―Dory didn’t die a hero; he lived a hero‖, the priest meant that Dory was a hero all through his life; he became a hero not just because he died in a brave way.
memorial service: n. [C] a service done or made in order to remind people of sb. who has died 追悼会；追悼仪式
Note: 在Dory didn’t die a hero; he lived a hero中，a hero是主语补足语。die后面可以接一些名词或形容词作主语补足语。例如：
The great poet died a poor man and he was only 43. 那位大诗人在穷困潦倒中去世，他当时只有43岁。
8. Long known for his remarkable spirit and love of humanity, Dory Stoddard died as he had always lived, assisting others. (Para. 3)
Meaning: Dory Stoddard had always been known for his noble spirit and his love toward other people. He had always helped others when he was alive, and he died when he was helping others.
9. These are civilian heroes, who acted instinctively with courage and grace when caught
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up in extraordinary circumstances. (Para. 4)
Meaning: These are not military people or police officers; they are ordinary people. But they are heroes because they acted out of their instinct with courage and grace when they were involved in unusual conditions.
instinctively: ad. based on instinct and not involving thought （出于）本能地；（出于）天性地；（出于）直觉地
When attacked, he instinctively fought back to defend himself. 当受到攻击时，他本能地进行自卫反击。
10. But what about first responders, whose job is, in the words of the widow of a fallen police officer, to ―rush toward danger‖? (Para. 5)
Meaning: But what about those people who are supposed to be the first to arrive at the spot and deal with emergencies? As the widow of a police officer puts it, it is the job of these people to ―rush toward danger‖, that is, to rush forward in face of danger.
Note: The fallen is a formal expression, meaning ―soldiers who have been killed in a war‖. Here a fallen police officer means ―a police officer who has been killed‖.
11. In Toronto, Canada, downtown life stopped when more than 11,000 police and other emergency responders marched solemnly through the streets to honor Sergeant Ryan Russell, a 35-year-old ―good man and good cop‖, who believed deeply in his commitment to protect and serve. (Para. 6)
Meaning: Sergeant Ryan Russell, 35-year-old, was a good man and a good policeman. He believed deeply that it was his duty to protect and serve the people. In the city center of Toronto, Canada, all other activities stopped when more than 11,000 police and other emergency responders marched seriously through the streets to honor him. Usage note:
As can be seen in the examples above, commitment can be followed by either a prepositional phrase ―to sth.‖ or an infinitive ―to do sth.‖
12. Sgt. Russell moved quickly to protect others from harm. (Para. 6)
protect sb./sth. from sth.: keep sb. or sth. Safe from harm, damage, or illness, etc. 保护；防护
She wanted to protect her children from the effects of the outside world. 她想保护自己的孩子免受外面世界的影响。
13. He tried to stop a drunk driver in a stolen snowplow with only his police automobile and his goodwill to help others. (Para. 6)
Meaning: He tried to stop a drunk driver in a stolen snowplow with only his police car because he was kind and always willing to help others.
drunk driver: n. [C] a person who drives a vehicle after drinking too much alcohol 酒后驾车者
snowplow: n. [C] (BrE snowplough) a vehicle or machine for cleaning snow from roads or
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