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(Internal Style Sheet), exterior cascading style sheet (External Style Sheet). 6 HTML function synopsis

Hyper Text Markup the Language hypertext mark language is one kind uses for to manufacture the hypertext documents the simple mark language. The hypertext documents which compiles with HTML are called the HTML documents, it can the independence in each kind of operating system platform (for example UNIX, WINDOWS and so on). HTML has served as since 1990 on World Wide Web the information to express the language, uses in describing the Homepage form design and it and on WWW the other Homepage linked information.

The HTML documents (i.e. the Homepage source document) was one has laid aside the mark ASCII text document, usually it had .html or the .htm document extension. Produces HTML documents mainly to have the following three ways: 1. the manual direct compilation (e.g. ASCII text editor which or other HTML edition tool likes with you). 2. will have other form documents through certain format conversion tool (for example the WORD documents) to transform the HTML documents. 3. by the Web server (or said that the HTTP server) one only then real-time dynamic produces. the HTML language is through uses each kind of mark (tags) to mark the documents the structure as well as marks the ultra chain (Hyperlink) the information.

Although the HTML language described the documents structure form, but how can't define the documents information to precisely demonstrate and arrange, but is only suggested how the Web browser (for example Mosiac, Netscape and so on) should demonstrate and arrange these information, is decided finally in front of user's demonstration result by the Web browser's demonstration style and to the mark explanatory ability. Why is the identical documents the effect which demonstrated in the different browser meets is dissimilar. At present the HTML language's edition is 2.0, it is based on SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language, standard sets at sign language generally, as soon as is applies mechanically describes digitized documents structure and manages its content complex standard) a subset to evolve comes. Although in next edition's standard HTML3.0 (is also called HTML+) to draw up, but some the partial experimental nature draft standard widely has been used, the mostly outstanding Web browser (for example Netscape and so on) can explain in the HTML3.0 part new mark, therefore introduced in this chapter some HTML3.0 new mark has been accepted by the most browsers. 7 Js script language synopsis

JS is javascrip, Javascript is one kind the script language which comes by the Netscape LiveScript development, the main purpose is to solve the server terminal language, for instance Perl, carry-over speed question. At that time served the end to need to carry on the confirmation to the data, because the network speed was quite slow, only then 28.8kbps, the confirmation step waste's time were too many. Therefore Netscape browser Navigator has joined Javascript, has provided the data confirmation basic function.

The JavaScript official name is “ECMAScript”. This standard by ECMA organization development and maintenance. ECMA-262 is the official JavaScript standard. This standard based on JavaScript (Netscape) and JScript (Microsoft). Netscape (Navigator 2.0) Brendan Eich has invented this language, started from 1996, already appeared in all Netscape and in the Microsoft browser. The ECMA-262 development began in 1996, in 1997 July, the ECMA general meeting has accepted its first edition.

Script script uses one specific descriptive language, rests on certain form compilation to be possible the execution document, is also called as great or the batch run document. The script usually may transfer temporarily by the application procedure and carry out. Each kind of script present widely is applied in the homepage design, because the script not only may reduce the homepage the scale and

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raises the homepage browsing speed, moreover may enrich the homepage performance, like animation, sound and so on. Cites a most common example, when we click in the homepage the E-mail address can transfer Outlook Express or the Foxmail this kind of mail software automatically, is realizes through the script function. Also because of script these characteristics, the human who harbors ulterior motives by some are often using. For example joins some destruction computer system's order in the script, like this works as the user browsing homepage, once transfers this kind of script, will then cause the user the system to come under the attack. Therefore the user should act according to visits homepage the trust degree selective security rank, specially regarding these itself content on the illegal homepage, do not permit the use script easily. Through “the safe establishment” the dialog box, the choice “the script” under option each kind of establishment may with ease realize to script being forbid and begins using.

Present's script language is quite many, script language execution generally only with concrete explanation actuator related, so long as therefore on the system has the corresponding language

interpreter to be possible to achieve the cross platform. Script (Script), is includes order and so on bind and alias sets, you may save this set are an independent document then in the time which needs carries out, like this may facilitate you in the CS use. The script may save for the suffix named .cfg document places under the cstrike folder, when execution in control bench input: exec (script filename) .cfg then. For instance saves a script is the buys.cfg document, inputs in the control bench: execbuys.cfg may realize the function which we need. Must realize an order, so long as is good this process definition (alias), and assigns a key position for this order, so long as later according to will assign the good key position, may realize this process. All scripts are realize through this method.

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外文资料翻译

JSP及其WEB技术

1 JSP简介

JSP(JavaServer Pages)是一种基于Java的脚本技术。是由Sun Microsystems公司倡导、许多公司参与一起建立的一种动态网页技术标准。JSP技术有点类似ASP技术,它是在传统的网页HTML文件(*.htm,*.html)中插入Java程序段(Scriptlet)和JSP标记(tag),从而形成JSP文件(*.jsp)。用JSP开发的Web应用是跨平台的,即能在Linux下运行,也能在其他操作系统上运行。在JSP 的众多优点之中,其中之一是它能将 HTML 编码从 Web 页面的业务逻辑中有效地分离出来。用 JSP 访问可重用的组件,如 Servlet、JavaBean 和基于 Java 的 Web 应用程序。JSP 还支持在 Web 页面中直接嵌入 Java 代码。可用两种方法访问 JSP 文件:浏览器发送 JSP 文件请求、发送至 Servlet 的请求。JSP技术使用Java编程语言编写类XML的tags和scriptlets,来封装产生动态网页的处理逻辑。网页还能通过tags和scriptlets访问存在于服务端的资源的应用逻辑。JSP将网页逻辑与网页设计和显示分离,支持可重用的基于组件的设计,使基于Web的应用程序的开发变得迅速和容易。

Web服务器在遇到访问JSP网页的请求时,首先执行其中的程序段,然后将执行结果连同JSP文件中的HTML代码一起返回给客户。插入的Java程序段可以操作数据库、重新定向网页等,以实现建立动态网页所需要的功能。JSP与Java Servlet一样,是在服务器端执行的,通常返回该客户端的就是一个HTML文本,因此客户端只要有浏览器就能浏览。

JSP页面由HTML代码和嵌入其中的Java代码所组成。服务器在页面被客户端请求以后对这些Java代码进行处理,然后将生成的HTML页面返回给客户端的浏览器。Java Servlet 是JSP的技术基础,而且大型的Web应用程序的开发需要Java Servlet和JSP配合才能完成。JSP具备了Java技术的简单易用,完全的面向对象,具有平台无关性且安全可靠,主要面向因特网的所有特点。 2 JSP技术方法

为了快速方便地进行动态网站的开发,JSP在以下几个方面做了改进,使其成为快速建立跨平台的动态网站的首选方案。

2.1 将内容的生成和显示进行分离

用JSP技术,Web页面开发人员可以使用HTML或者XML标识来设计和格式化最终页面,并使用JSP标识或者小脚本来生成页面上的动态内容。生成内容的逻辑被封装在标识和JavaBeans组件中,并且捆绑在脚本中,所有的脚本在服务器端运行。由于核心逻辑被封装在标识和JavaBeans中,所以Web管理人员和页面设计者,能够编辑和使用JSP页面,而不影响内容的生成。在服务器端,JSP引擎解释JSP标识和脚本,生成所请求的内容,并且将结果以HTML(或者XML)页面的形式发送回浏览器。这既有助于作者保护自己的代码,又能保证任何基于HTML的Web浏览器的完全可用性。 2.2 可重用组件

绝大多数JSP页面依赖于可重用的、跨平台的组件(JavaBeans或者Enterprise JavaBeans组件)来执行应用程序所要求的复杂的处理。开发人员能够共享和交换执行普通操作的组件,或者使得这些组件为更多的使用者和客户团体所使用。基于组件的方法加速了总体开发过程,并且使得各种组织在他们现有的技能和优化结果的开发努力中得到平衡。 2.3 采用标识

Web页面开发人员不会都是熟悉脚本语言的编程人员。JSP技术封装了许多功能,这些功能是在易用的、与JSP相关的XML标识中进行动态内容生成所需要的。标准的JSP标识能够访问和实例化JavaBeans组件,设置或者检索组件属性,下载Applet,以及执行用其他方法更难于编码和耗时的功能。

3.4 适应平台

几乎所有平台都支持Java,JSP+JavaBeans几乎可以在所有平台下通行无阻。从一个平台移植到另外一个平台,JSP和JavaBeans甚至不用重新编译,因为Java字节码都是标准的与平台无关的。

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3.5 数据库连接

Java中连接数据库的技术是JDBC,Java程序通过JDBC驱动程序与数据库相连,执行查询、提取数据等操作。Sun公司还开发了JDBC-ODBC bridge,利用此技术Java程序可以访问带有ODBC驱动程序的数据库,目前大多数数据库系统都带有ODBC驱动程序,所以Java程序能访问诸如Oracle、Sybase、MS SQL Server和MS Access等数据库。此外,通过开发标识库,JSP技术可以进一步扩展。第三方开发人员和其他人员可以为常用功能创建自己的标识库。这使得Web页面开发人员能够使用熟悉的工具和如同标识一样的执行特定功能的构件来进行工作。JSP技术很容易整合到多种应用体系结构中,以利用现存的工具和技巧,并且能扩展到支持企业级的分布式应用中。 3 Eclipse功能简介

越来越多的Java开发人员已经开始欣赏Eclipse的JDT提供的生产率和质量收益。它为Java编辑器提供了语法高亮显示、格式化、折叠、内容辅助、代码模板等许多功能。它不断增长的可用重构和代码生成功能集合允许您在更高的级别上操作代码,并自动化通常的代码密集型任务和易错任务。而且,在开发完代码并使用JDT对编写和执行JUnit测试的内置支持对代码进行单元测试之后,可以使用Eclipse的一流Java调试器调试在运行时遇到的任何问题。除了JDT之外,Eclipse SDK—最流行的Eclipse.org下载—还包含Plug-in Development Environment(PDE)。PDE使用特定功能扩展了JDT以构建Eclipse插件—基于Eclipse的应用程序的基本构造块。事实上,使用由Eclipse本身提供的工具能够超越Java开发,可扩展现有Eclipse应用程序,或者甚至创建全新的应用程序。

Eclipse由一个小程序层构成,其中包含许多功能模块或Eclipse术语中所谓的“插件”。插件是在Eclipse应用程序中提供所有功能的组件。它们通过其API一起协作来交付最终结果。在Eclipse中,甚至最基础的功能,比如查找和启动安装的插件,都封装在插件中。为了扩展现有Eclipse功能或在其上进行构建,插件将具体的扩展贡献给由其他插件暴露的扩展点。通常,插件专注于特定区域的责任,并通过一个或多个扩展点的方式将其他责任指派给其他插件。例如,一个插件允许您可视地并行比较两个文件的内容,但它不会关心如何读取这些文件甚至如何解释这些文件的结构;这是其他插件的工作。比较两个文件时,该插件首先检查是否有另一个插件可以解释这些文件的结构。如果找到一个,它就会向找到的插件询问有关文件结构的信息,并在比较过程中使用该信息。

可以看到,模块化架构为Eclipse提供了巨大的灵活性,并提供了一个可以支持原设计者没有预料到的大量应用程序的平台。 4 Structs功能简介

Struts是一个MVC框架(Framework),用于快速开发Java Web应用。Struts实现的重点在C(Controller),包括ActionServlet/RequestProcessor和我们定制的Action,也为V(View)提供了一系列定制标签(Custom Tag)。Spring是一个轻型容器(light-weight container),其核心是Bean工厂(Bean Factory),用以构造我们所需要的M(Model)。在此基础之上,Spring提供了AOP(Aspect-Oriented Programming, 面向层面的编程)的实现,用它来提供非管理环境下申明方式的事务、安全等服务;对Bean工厂的扩展ApplicationContext更加方便我们实现J2EE的应用;DAO/ORM的实现方便我们进行数据库的开发;Web MVC和Spring Web提供了Java Web应用的框架或与其他流行的Web框架进行集成。就是说可将两者一起使用,达到将两者自身的特点进行互补。

Structs 是一组相互协作的类、servlet 和 JSP 标记,它们组成一个可重用的 MVC 2 设计。这个定义表示 Struts 是一个框架,而不是一个库,但 Struts 也包含了丰富的标记库和独立于该框架工作的实用程序类。

Client browser(客户浏览器),来自客户浏览器的每个 HTTP 请求创建一个事件。Web 容器将用一个 HTTP 响应作出响应。

Controller(控制器),控制器接收来自浏览器的请求,并决定将这个请求发往何处。就 Struts 而言,控制器是以 servlet 实现的一个命令设计模式。 struts-config.xml 文件配置控制器。

业务逻辑,业务逻辑更新模型的状态,并帮助控制应用程序的流程。就 Struts 而言,这是通过作为实际业务逻辑“瘦”包装的 Action 类完成的。

Model(模型)的状态,模型表示应用程序的状态。业务对象更新应用程序的状态。ActionForm

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