发布时间 : 星期一 文章基于超声波测距的智能小车设计 - 图文更新完毕开始阅读ecf613f581c758f5f61f6747
佳顺伟业科技，专业、专注AGV无人搬运设备研发制造
中文摘要、关键词
目 录
摘要 .................................................................................................................................. I Abstract .......................................................................................................................... II 引 言 .......................................................................................................................... 1 第一章 绪 论 .............................................................................................................. 2
1.1课题研究背景 .................................................................................................... 2 1.2课题研究意义 .................................................................................................... 2
第二章 超声波测距原理 ....................................................................................... 4
2.1 超声波传感器介绍 ........................................................................................... 4 2.2 超声波发生器 ................................................................................................... 5 2.3压电式超声波发生器原理 ................................................................................ 5 2.4超声波测距的基本原理 .................................................................................... 6
第三章 方案论证及选择 ........................................................................................ 8
3.1 设计的任务要求 ............................................................................................... 8 3.2 系统初步设计及可行性论证 ........................................................................... 8 3.3 微处理器的选择 ............................................................................................... 9 3.4 显示方式的选择 ............................................................................................... 9 3.5 小车电机驱动电路的选择 ............................................................................. 10 3.6 遥控器的选择 ................................................................................................. 10
第四章 硬件电路的设计 ...................................................................................... 11
4.1控制器 .............................................................................................................. 11 4.2 超声波测距模块 ............................................................................................. 13 4.3 超声波测距显示模块 ..................................................................................... 15 4.4 超声波测距报警模块 ..................................................................................... 16 4.5 小车驱动模块 ................................................................................................. 16 4.6 红外遥控接收模块 ......................................................................................... 18
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第五章 软件设计 .................................................................................................... 20
5.1 程序设计方案 ............................................................................................................... 20 5.1.1超声波测距程序设计方案 ..................................................................................... 20 5.1.2超声波测距显示程序设计 ..................................................................................... 20 5.1.3超声波数据采集电路软件流程图 ....................................................................... 21 5.2 控制电路程序设计 ...................................................................................................... 22 5.2.1 红外接收解码设计 ................................................................................................. 22 5.2.2 小车驱动程序设计 ................................................................................................. 22 5.2.3 控制电路程序流程图 ............................................................................................. 23
结 论 .......................................................................................................................... 24 致 谢 .......................................................................................................................... 25 参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 26 附录 ............................................................................................................................... 27
附录A：硬件原理图 .............................................................................................. 27 附录B：硬件PCB图 .............................................................................................. 29 附录C：硬件实物图 .............................................................................................. 31 附录D：部分源程序 ............................................................................................................ 32 附录D1:控制源程序 ............................................................................................................ 32 附录D2:超声波数据测距源程序 ..................................................................................... 37
基于超声波测距的智能小车设计
摘要：本设计采用AT89S52单片机作为主控器，结合超声波测距原理，设计了红外遥控小车的测距报警系统。该系统采用软、硬件结合的方法，具有模块化和多用化等特点，AT89S52单片机为许多控制提供了高度灵活和低成本的解决办法。超声波距离测量系统用的频率为40KHz的脉冲压力波，发射和接收的传感器有时共用一个，或者两个是分开使用的。发射电路一般由振荡和功放两部分组成，负责向传感器输出一个有一定宽度的高压脉冲串，并由传感器转换成声能发射出去；接收放大器用于放大回声信号以便记录，同时为了使它能接收具有一定频带宽度的短脉冲信号，接收放大器要有足够的频带宽度；收、发隔离则使接收装置避开强大的发射信号；记录、控制部分启动或关闭发射电路并记录发射的瞬时及接收的瞬时，并将时差换算成距离读数并加以显示或记。充分利用它的片内资源，即可在较少外围电路的情况下构成功能完善的超声波测距系统。利用现在最常用的电视机遥控器来控制小车的运动状态。
关键词：超声波 测距 AT89S52 红外遥控
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The Design of Intelligent Car Based on Ultrasonic Ranging
Abstract：This design USES the AT89S52 SCM as the main controller, combined with ultrasonic ranging the principle, design the infrared remote control car range finder alarm system. This system USES software and hardware of the method of combining with modularization and multi-purpose, etc, of AT89S52 SCM for many control provides highly flexible and low cost solutions. Ultrasonic distance measurement system frequency used in the pulse pressure wave for 40KHz, sending and receiving sensors sometimes share one or two are used separately. Launch circuit is general by oscillation and amplifier, responsible for two parts to sensor output a certain width, and the high pressure pulse sequence by sensor convert sound energy emitted; Receiving amplifier used to amplify the echo signal so that records,meanwhile in order to make it can accept certain band width of short pulses, receiving amplifier must have plenty of band width; Collect, hair isolation makes receiving devices to avoid strong signal; Records, the control part on or off the launch circuit and record the launch of the instantaneous and receive the instantaneous, and will be converted to distance jet lag and it displays or remember reading. Make full use of the piece, can in less within resources under the condition of buffer circuit constitute the function is perfect ultrasonic ranging system. The most commonly used by the TV remote control now control car motions.
Key words：Ultrasonic; Ranging; AT89S52; Infrared remote control
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