发布时间 : 星期五 文章【步步高 北师大版】2016届高三一轮英语大一轮复习(导学案)：动词的时态和语态更新完毕开始阅读ed642b3e332b3169a45177232f60ddccdb38e642
动词的时态和语态
一、动词时态的用法 1．一般现在时
(1)由连词if，unless，however等引导的时间(条件、让步)状语从句，需用一般现在时表将来。 However much advice you give him，he will do exactly what he wants.
(2)安排或计划要做的动作(有时间状语)限于begin，come，leave，go，arrive等一类动词。 I arrive in Beijing at 3∶00 p．m.tomorrow. 2．一般过去时
过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的行为，常与every day，often，sometimes等时间状语连用。 I used to play football when I was young. 3．一般将来时
(1)will＋do表示将来的动作或状态，常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用；或表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势。 Fish will die without water.
(2)be going to＋do表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。此外还表示根据现在的迹象，对未来进行推测。
Look at the clouds.It is going to rain.
(3)be about to＋do表示即将发生的动作，意为“正要；很快，马上”。后面一般不跟具体的时间状语，但是可以由when连接一个并列句。 We are about to leave.
(4)be to＋do表示事先商定、安排或准备要做的事情；还表示可能性、必要、责任、义务、禁止等。
She is to get married next month.
(5)用现在进行时表示将来。表示位置转移的动词(go，come，leave，start，arrive等)，可用现在进行时表示将来。 Uncle Wang is coming. 4．现在进行时
表示说话人对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等感情色彩，常与always，constantly，continually等副词连用。
She is always asking the same question. 5．现在完成时
现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态，或者还要延续下去，句中常有since，for，yet，already等表示一段时间的状语。 Great changes have taken place in China since 1980.
6．过去进行时
过去进行时表示在过去某个时刻正在进行的动作或存在的过去某个阶段正在做的事情。 He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday. 7．过去完成时
(1)表示在过去某个时刻前已经发生的动作或存在的状态，或者从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态。
My teacher had taught in that school for ten years before she came here.
(2)表示希望或打算的动词(如hope，want，expect，think，suppose，plan，mean，intend等)的过去完成时，后接不定式to do时，表示未曾实现的愿望或打算，即“本来希望或打算做某事(但却没做)”。
I had planned to send him a Christmas card，but I forgot to do so. (3)用于下列特殊句型中：
①hardly/scarcely/barely had...done...when...；no sooner had...done...than...。从句中用一般过去时，表示“刚刚……就……”。
Hardly had I opened the door when he told me.
②It/That/This was the first/second...time＋that从句。that从句要用过去完成时态。 It was the second time he had been out with her. 8．过去将来时
过去将来时表示从过去的观点来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态常用于宾语从句中，主句常是一般过去时。
He always said that he would study hard at that time. 二、被动语态的用法
1．不知道动作的执行者是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态。 Street lights are often turned on at six in winter.
2．当动作的承受者比起动作的执行者来说更能引起人们的关注而需要加以强调时，要用被动语态。
This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop.
3．含有双宾语的句子，主动句中的间接宾语或者直接宾语都可变为被动语态中的主语，另一个保留不变。变为主语的若是主动句中的直接宾语，间接宾语前则需加介词to或for。 The pianist gave the pupils(间接宾语) some advice (直接宾语)． →The pupils were given some advice by the pianist. →Some advice was given to the pupils by the pianist.
4．在主动语态句中，动词make，have，let，see，watch，hear，feel等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，动词不定式不加to。但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都需加上to。 The boss made them work ten hours a day.
→They were made to work ten hours a day by the boss.
1．Every few years，the coal workers ________ their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.(2010·上海，28) A．are having B．have C．have had D．had had
2．Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they________before leaving their hometowns.(2010·福建，28) A．promised B．were promised C．have promised D．have been promised 3．—Were you surprised by the ending of the film?
—No.I________the book，so I already knew the story.(2010·安徽，28) A．was reading B．had read C．am reading D．have read
4．This coastal area________a national wildlife reserve last year.(2010·湖南，24) A．was named B．named C．is named D．names
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1．—Remember how we met for the first time，Dick?
—Of course I do.You ________________(walk) to the teachers’ office hurriedly and ______________(not notice) me.
2．Today，tourists do not see any person in Pompeii，which，though，________(be) once a busy city of twenty-two thousand people.
3．—Can I have a talk with you at about 5 this afternoon，Mr.Smith?
—All right.I ________________________(come) back to my office from a conference then.I will be waiting for you there.
4．—Have you known the result of the Chinese team at Singapore Open Badminton Tournament?
—It ________(win) three titles，I remember clearly.
5．Be careful with such things.If you ________(not be)，you’ll drop them. 二、单项填空
1．By the time he gets home，his father ________ for Paris on business.
A．has left B．will have left C．had left D．will leave
2．Mr.White works as a journalist at present，but he ________ in a high school for several years. A．has worked B．worked
C．had worked D．has been working
3．The coffee is wonderful！It doesn’t taste like anything I ________ before. A．had ever had B．was having C．have D．have ever had
4．—What’s that noise？Is the water still running?
—Oh，my god！I ________ to turn it off after I brushed my teeth. A．was forgetting B．forgot C．had forgotten D．am forgetting
5．I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone ________it.Was it you? A．has done B．had done C．would do D．will do
6．They became partners at work that day.Until then，they ________ to each other for nearly three years.
A．didn’t speak B．hadn’t spoken C．haven’t spoken D．haven’t been speaking
7．The students ________ busily when Miss Brown went to get the book she ________ in the office.
A．had written；left B．were writing；has left C．had written；had left D．were writing；had left
8．—How did you get on in your final exam? —I have no idea.The papers ________. A．are being marked B．would be marked C．have been marked D．had been marked
9．Millions of pounds’ worth of damage ________ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.
A．has been caused B．had been caused C．will be caused D．will have been caused
10．The novels written by the author sell best，but five years ago no one could have imagined how