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4.2.2 Encompassing Euphemism
Encompassing euphemism: It can make the listener feel pleasant; the speaker appears to be elegant. Compared with pure altruistic euphemism for people who have been involved in face and the dignity, it is also affected by the \principle\domination. Any culture has its own taboo subject or word, as the public communication tools, in media reports, the reporters often concern their own position and concern identity, to make use of gentle, vague words. Such as: Last week it introduced toute lo France to a lovely young woman named Mazarine who is, according to journalist and author Philippe Alexdre, Mitterand's 20-year-old enfant d'amour. (Time) the sentence of the French enfant d'amour is actually the word mean, equal to the English illegitimate child. French President has a dignified illegitimate daughter, even in the romantic French, not everyone can access subject, not to mention the English readers with a different perspective. So, here with a more subtle and less invasive nature of language, not only look elegant, and also express what they can’t say directly. 4.2.3 Self-interest
Self-serving euphemism: speakers do not mean what they think just for the interest of their group in news reports, such as the euphemism of \and \a particular fuzzy concept, which can help people play down the fear and loathing of war, the purpose of covering the war in order to free public from arousing sentiment against the war. So military exercises bombs, artillery shells, guided bombs caused civilian casualties is the collateral damage ,the U.S. military mistakenly hit British, is the friendly fire; clearly a use of force against Iraq, but shy away from these words, such as at war attack the words and so on, but with disarm Iraq, taken against Iraq. As British forces defeat on the battlefield in Iraq, it must be an adjustment of the front the so-called \word suffix:-gate. After the Watergate in 1972, the term of Watergate was used to refer to any similar or larger political events, but not as the straight use the affair or scandal. Such as debate gate (debate on the scandal: 1980 Presidents Reagan and
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Carter were the last TV debate before the election, Reagan has a debate text on the Carter and Reagan to the text, Reagan thus significant in this debate between the upper hand), Korea gate (South Korea scandal: that a South Korean businessman to buy U.S. lawmakers shocked by the U.S. Congress Events), and Monica gate (Monica scandal: Monica Lewinsky and the President of the United States Clinton’s peach events), etc.
Language forms are generally for specific functions. In English news , in order to appear communicators’ language politely and decently and the audience can accept the communicator's message better, they use ornate and beautiful language to cover up the truth or to cover the embarrassing situation of the communicators or the interest groups represented by the communicators.
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4.3 Reasons for Euphemism in Journalism English
Cultural development promotes language to develop; similarly, the developed and rich language is an important prerequisite for the development of the whole culture. It is precisely because such cultural and language have a special close relationship, so the language is often referred to as the carrier of culture and it is a mirror which reflect the national culture. And as a euphemism, an integral part of the language, but also social morality, customs, political and cultural phenomena of social and psychological mirror. It can not be divorced from social culture of which exists in isolation, which has euphemism in rich cultural connotations. It produces the following reasons: 4.3.1 Religious Faith
Euphemism indeed goes back in ancient times, when religion has begun to disable some of the words. Which people used to turn away from God, it is blasphemy. The name of God is seen as the incarnation of God, referring to the name of God is tantamount to blasphemy, God will be condemned. In the belief-based Christian country, people can not just mention the name of God and can not use God's name to swear or to be regarded as blasphemy, because they are disrespectful. One of \Commandments\of Judaism and Christianity is not to declare God’s name falsely. Those who jump God, \However, people swear when they used the name of God, please give evidence to show seriousness. Thus, in this conflicting situation, euphemisms have come into being, so as to achieve internal coordination and unity of a culture. To avoid address him by God, people have created a number of taboo and kind words. To say religious euphemisms, the common approach is to avoid stealth shape, Use an alias code, and the most conceal way is to use unworthy words to call Gd. For example, real name of the ancient Greek god of vengeance and Guluomasi is ―the Furies\however commonly used in ancient Greek \Eumenides\(meaning \kindly ones\- Charity of God), or \
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God) to refer to, but both can not faithfully reflect the essence of brutality of the residual evil Avenger. In Hebrew, God's name is \[YHWH]\(the corresponding word in English \- the Lord.) when Pious Jews read \Testament\\the term for fear of the gods, often pronounced \to show taboo in Ancient times, because many natural phenomena can not be explained; people contribute these to the ghosts and gods . From paying homage to the gods to put the God’s in the heart , fear and dare not address him by name, lest speaking of the Devil and he appears and disaster coming. Because of fear, people called \the \ In addition, it is also taken with a variety of alternative language, such as: the Dickens, Prince of Darkness, etc., they are difficult to understand. Sometimes they even created some of the flattering Words, such as the Great fellow and so on. Thus, many euphemisms are with a strong religious color. 4.3.2 Social Psychology
If the language is a reflection of social life, then the euphemism is a mirror of social psychology. Various shaped euphemism reflects all kinds of color psychosocial status. \is a major psychological basis of producing euphemism. People's \is often identified by some social problems. Westerners commonly used ―social disease‖ in recent years, euphemism of \for \because the current wide AIDS became a thorny issue in Western society. Because of today's nutrition, \are afraid of \society, the use of euphemisms has penetrated into all spheres of society, to a certain extent; reflect the mentality of Americans, the sense of situation and lifestyle. In contemporary American society, people start from the consideration of the bias of the jobs and often dressed in some call and it sound more decent, pleasing to the ear. In the call of that low social status, occupation, people often help to change some of the euphemisms professional image with the help of euphemism, in order to achieve psychological balance. Since the last century, a large number of sweet sounds, sounding professional name after another, replacing the original straightforward to address. Such as: many occupation or work is no longer called \
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