发布时间 : 星期一 文章直流电机调速更新完毕开始阅读f3d8ca5b6c175f0e7cd1379a
攀枝花学院专业基础综合实验报告
基于单片机的直流电机控制设计
学生姓名： 学生学号： 院（系）： 年级专业： 指导教师：
二〇一三年六月
摘 要
本文是对直流电机PWM调速器设计的研究，主要实现对电机的控制。本课程设计主要是实现PWM调速器的加速、减速、停止等操作。并实现电路的仿真。为实现系统的微机控制，在设计中，采用了AT89C51单片机作为整个控制系统的控制电路的核心部分，配以各种显示、驱动模块，实现对电动机转速参数的显示和测量；由命令输入模块、光电隔离模块及H型驱动模块组成。采用带中断的独立式键盘作为命令的输入，单片机在程序控制下，不断给光电隔离电路发送PWM波形，H型驱动电路完成电机正反转控制.在设计中，采用PWM调速方式，通过改变PWM的占空比从而改变电动机的电枢电压，进而实现对电动机的调速。设计的整个控制系统，在硬件结构上采用了大量的集成电路模块，大大简化了硬件电路，提高了系统的稳定性和可靠性，使整个系统的性能得到提高。
关键词 PWM调制，AT89C51单片机，双全桥驱动器L298，直流电机
ABSTRACT
This article is the study of dc motor PWM speed controller design, the main
control system for the motor. This course design mainly is to realize PWM speed governor of acceleration, deceleration and stop operation. And realize the simulation of circuit. For the realization of the system of microcomputer control, in the design, USES AT89C51 as the core part of the whole control circuit of the control system, with all kinds of display, driver module, display and measurement of motor speed parameter; By the command input module, photoelectric isolation module and H driver module. Adopt independent type keyboard with interruption as command input, single chip microcomputer under program control, constantly send photoelectric isolating circuit PWM waveform, H drive circuit to complete motor and reversing control. In the design and adopts PWM control method, by changing the PWM duty cycle to change the armature voltage of the motor, and then realize to the speed of the motor. On the design of the whole control system, the hardware structure by a large number of integrated circuit module, greatly simplify the hardware circuit and improve the stability and reliability of the system, improve the performance of the whole system.
Key words：PWM technology, AT89C51, both bridge driver L298, DC motor
目 录
摘 要 .................................................................. Ⅰ ABSTRACT ............................................................... Ⅱ
1 绪论 ........................................................................... 1 1.1 直流电机概述 ................................................................. 1
1.2 单片机概述 ................................................................... 1 1.3 脉宽调制（PWM）技术 .......................................................... 2 1.4 课题任务及工作内容 ........................................................... 3 2 单片机直流电机控制系统总体设计方案 .............................................. 4
2.1 设计思路 ...................................................................... 4 2.2 方案论证与比较 ................................................................ 4 2.3 可执行性分析理论依据 .......................................................... 5 2.5
研究内容 ...................................................................... 5
3 单片机直流电机控制系统硬件设计 .................................................. 7 3.1 系统硬件结构 ................................................................. 6 3.2 系统单元电路设计 ............................................................. 7
3.2.1 单片机最小系统电路 ..................................................... 7 3.2.2 独立式键盘电路 ......................................................... 8
3.2.3电机驱动电路 ........................................................... 8
3.2.4 电源电路 ............................................................... 9 3.2.5 串口通信电路 ........................................................... 9 3.2.6电机驱动电路 ........................................................... 9 4 单片机直流电机控制系统软件设计 .................................................. 9 4.1 软件总体结构 ................................................................. 9 4.2 系统模块程序设计 ............................................................ 11 4.3键盘扫描模块程序 ............................................................ 12 4.4串口通信模块程序 ............................................................ 14 4.5电机调速模块程序 ............................................................ 15