发布时间 : 星期六 文章江苏省南京市、盐城市2018届高三一模英语试卷更新完毕开始阅读f643628fb1717fd5360cba1aa8114431b90d8ebd
Privatecitizensaregettinginontheacttoo:cyclistsincreasinglywearheadcamsasaninsuranceagainstaggressivedrivers.Ascameratechnologygetssmallerandcheaper,itisn?thardtoforeseeafuturewherewe?reallfilmingeverythingallthetime,ineverydirection.Would that bea good thing?
Theavailableevidencesuggeststhatitdiscouragesbehaviorsuchaspolicebrutality.Anotherupsideisthatitwouldbehardertogetawaywithcrimesortoescapeblameforaccidents.Butaworldoncameracouldhavesubtlenegativeeffects.ThefloodofdatawepourintothehandsofGoogle,Facebookandothershasalreadyprovedamixedblessing.Thosecompanieswouldnodoubtbewillingtouploadandstoreourbody-camdataforfree, probablywith theassistanceofmachinelearningalgorithms(算法)---butatwhatcostto
privacyandfreedomofchoice?Body-camdatacouldalsocreatealegalminefield.Disputesoverthe validity andinterpretationof policefootage(执法镜头)havealready surfaced.
Eventually,eventsnotcaughtoncameracouldbetreatedasiftheydidn?thappen,likeatreefallingintheforest.Alternatively,footagecouldbefakedordoctoredtoescapeblameorincriminate others.
Ofcourse, there?salwaystheargument that ifyou?renotdoinganythingwrong,youhavenothingtofear.Butmostpeoplehavedonesomethingembarrassing,orevenillegal,thattheyregretandwouldpreferhadn?tbeencaughtonfilm.Peoplealreadyinspecttheirsocialmediafeeds---oravoiddoinganythinginadequateinpublic---forfearofdamagingtheirreputation.Would widespreadapplicationofbodycamshavea furtherfrighteningeffect on ourfreedom?Thealways-on-cameraworldcouldeventhreatensomeofthenaturesthatmakeushuman.Wearenaturalgossipsandbackbiters,andwhilethosemightnotbedesirablebehavior,theyoilthewheelsofoursocialinteractions.Oncepeopleassumetheyarebeingfilmed,theyarelikelytoshutup.Wearenowherenearthatpointyetwhereeveryonewillfeeltheyneedoneasaninsurancepolicy,butweshouldthinkhardaboutwhetherwereallywanttosaylights,bodycam, action.
58. What is the benefit offilmingto average people?
A. Promotingthe widespread useof smartphonesin public. B. Fightingcrimesorbad behavior byproviding solid evidence. C. Guaranteeingcyclistsandpedestrians moresafetyon roads. D. Encouragingbetter performance ofthepoliceand teachingstaff. 59. Inthe author?sview, thedatafloodingintotechgiantsisfairly A. comforting
B. puzzling
C. worrying
.
B. warnsus not to be caught on film
.
D.satisfying
60. Certainundesirable behavior is important because if A. functionsasan insurancepolicy
5
C. preventsinadequate social behavior
D.motivates human dailycommunication
C
Aso-called“smartdrug”intended to improve cognitiv（e to protect
认知的）performance also seems
the brain fromaltitude sickness.
Evenmorepeoplearevisitinghigh-altitudesitesforwork,sport,religiouspilgrimagesand militarycan lead tocognitiveeffects,includingmemoryloss andattentiondifficulties.
There?slittleyoucandotopreventthesesymptomsotherthanacclimatize—butthistakestimeanddoesn?t always work.Adrugcalled oxiracetammightbetheanswer.
ShengLiHuattheThirdMilitaryMedicalUniversity,Chongqing,Chinaandhercolleaguesstudiedtheperformanceofmalemilitarypersonnelataltitude.Alllivedintownsaround1800metersabovesealevel.Duringthestudy,theyspenteightdaysatthisaltitudeand then climbed forthree days to reach 4000 meters,wheretheystayedforup to amonth.
Twentyparticipantstookoxriacetamthreetimesadayforthefirst15daysofthestudy,whileanother20receivednointervention.Themandidtestsofattentionandmemoryatthestartandendofthestudyand20daysin,bywhichtimetheyhadbeenat4000metersfor ninedays.
Whilealltheparticipantsexperiencedadropincognitiveabilityat4000meters,thosewhotook oxiracetamshowed amuchsmallerdeclinethanthe controlgroup.
Bloodflowmeasurementsindicatedthatathighaltitude,partsofthebrain?scerebralcirculatorysystemcontractedanddilated（扩张）inawaythatpromotedbloodflowtothebrainstem.Thisisn?tsurprising,sincethebrainstemplaysacriticalroleinthemaintenanceof basic vitalsigns.
Theteamalsofoundthatthebrainstemreceivedbloodattheexpenseofareasresponsibleformoreadvancedcognitivefunctions.Butinpeoplewhotookoxiracetam,morearteriesdilated,sobloodflowthroughoutthebrainrose.Thismaybehowthedrugseemstolessen cognitive problemsliked with low oxygen.
Itisn?tyetknownwhetherdivertingbloodinthiswaycouldhavenegativeeffectsinthelongrun.
“Theresultsarestrikingandimplythatoxiracetammaybebeneficialforhelpingtorelievecognitivedeficitscausedbyaltitude,”saysTimothyHalesattheUniversityofDundee, UK.
Oxiracetamisnotlicensedfor medicaluseglobally,butitisknowntobeamildstimulant,says Hales. “Cocaleaves havebeenusedbynativeAndeansforcenturies toovercomealtitudesicknessandthisisattributedtotheirmodestcocainecontent.Soperhapsitis not surprisingthat benefitcan be derivedfromanother,though mild,stimulant.”
61. Theunderlined word“acclimatize” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaningto .
A. adapt
B.interact C. exist D.object
62. What does the experimentdonein China reveal?
A. Thehigheraltitudeyouareat, thesloweryourbrain will be.
6
B. At 4000 meters, thetwo subjectgroups showno difference. C. Memorytests are beneficial to relievingattention difficulties. D. “Smartdrug” largelycounters negative effectsof altitude sickness. 63. Accordingto the passage, therootcauseofthecognitiveeffectsliesin A. physicaltiredness B. low oxygencontent
C. cognitive training
D.extreme highaltitude B.Oxiacetam—a magicdrug
D.Problems on high-altitude sites D
IfyoureadTheFaultinourstarsonlytofindayoungadultromanceofHazelGraceandAugustusWaters,thenyoudefinitelyunderestimatethepowerofsophisticatedsymbolism,emotions,andliteratureJohnGreenoffers.Iremembersomeonesaying“You
don’treadagreatbook;itreadsyou.”Thefaultinourstarsisoneofthosebooks.Itgivesyoutheconceptofwhatcancersarelike,ofhowchildreninparticularfightthem,revealsandremindsyouofyourfirstloveinlife,alwaystheyoungestandthemostinnocent.Iwillresistmyurgetotellyoutheplotandspoilthewholestory,butIpromiseyoueverysinglepagehereisworthagreatdealofexcitement,humorandabunchofotherstufflisteddownherewhichIthink areinteresting.
Thebookgiveslivestowherewefinddeaths.Thejoyoflivingcomesinwhenterminalcancerisnothing
morethanjust,“asideeffectofdying”,whenyoucanlaughinthemisfortunesofdiseaseandsay“I?monarollercoasterthatonlygoesup,myfriend.”Thefaultinourstars,however,starswithHazel?s“depression”likemanyofusstartsanewday.Thus,Hazel?smotherwantshercancer-strickendaughtertohavealife,puttingherintheSupportGroup.Lateron,IssacandAugustusgiveherhopeandsomethingtobelievein.Thefriendshiptiedbythesharedintellectualcuriosityanddreams.ThestoryissocarefullyplottedthateventhoughHazeldoesn?tgotoschoollikeotherkids,herlifeissointouchwithours. Everyonein a while willfeelasifeverythinggoeswrong,that itsucks atbeingwhatit?ssupposedtobe.Badgrades,gettingdumped,orevenhavingaterminaldisease.“Thepaindemandstobefelt.”Butafterall,howlongshouldittakeustogivesufferingsabreakissubjecttobeviewedpersonally,sinceitwoulddeterminewhetherornotwebecomeatypeofPeterVanHouten,Hazel?sfavoritewriterinthenovel.
JohnGreenalsocaresaboutyourdreamsandambitions.Asyoureadthroughchapters,especiallytowardtheend,youwillfindoutHazelandAugustushavewidelydifferentideasofwhatthey thinkisa“goodlife.”HereIfindareflectionofmy soulinAugustus?s,withall
. 64. What is the best titleforthe passage?
A. Fighthighanxiety
C. Keepsharpataltitude
7
hisdesiretoleaveamarkontheworld.Suchaguyheisseekingforgloriesandmeaningsoflife,fearingmostoblivion.Othersmayfindthemselves,incontrast,caringnotaboutrecognition.TheyarelikeHazelGrace,seeingheroismasanactofnoticingandlovingandsharing.Bothideasarebeautifulandproofedtobefearlesstobetogetherdespiteanymentalor physicalchallengeslyingon their wayto thepursuit of happiness.
① “Apparently,theworldisnotawish-grantingfactory.”Thebookembracesthe
restless,innocentdesiresofyoungminds.
whenyou?reatthe4thstageofcancertofindoutwhathappensaftertheendofyourfavoritebook?Wouldyoudaretolovethedying,tobeokaytolovewhenyou?redying,ortoforgive
③_Inthebook,youwillfind
yourselfforhurtingthosewholoveyouincaseyoudie?
JohnGreenmentionsabouthow“someinfinitiesaregreaterthanotherinfinities,”which
means,Ithink,infinitiescanbedefined,expandedandshrunk._④
bytakingchances,andifwefailwhiledoingso,thenthefaultissimplyinoutstars,notourselves.
Funny,romantic,unputdownableandprofound,Thefaultinourstarsisdefinitelyoneofthebestyoungadultfictionbooksinthecentury.Itmaytouchthereadersinmanydifferentways.Inheresomewillfindhumor,somewillfindencouragement,andsomewillfindabookasabondforanewlovestory.ButifyouinsistthatyouonlywanttoreadagoodlovestoryinThefaultofinourstars,that?sfinetoo.It?sanexcellentbookthat remindsusofthosewho areimportant. 65. Theunderlined part in Paragraph 1 implies
Infinitiesarecreated
②
WouldyoucareforatriptoAmsterdam
A. readers?viewstendtovaryonthesamebook B. readerschoose booksbased on their tastes C. books arecreated tocaterto different needs D. bookscanreflectreaders?life
66. Accordingto John Green,what is the basisforthe friendshipbetween Hazel andAugustus?
A. Dreamingofthe samegoodlife.
B. Sufferingfromthecommon disease. C. Beingcuriousandenterprisingin life. D. Beingattracted toeach otherforuniqueness. 67. Theauthor believesthat heis somewhat like_ A. Hazel
B.Issac
C. Augustus
D.Peter VanHouten
8