发布时间 : 星期四 文章直接引语变间接引语（超级经典归纳）更新完毕开始阅读f6868c04551810a6f4248672
直接引语变间接引语（宾语从句）
一．直接引语和间接引语的定义。
直接引语：直接引用别人的话叫直接引语，
间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。 直接引语前后加引号；间接引语不必加引号。
He said, “ I’m a student.” （直接引语 ） → He said that he was a student. （间接引语） 主句 从句 主句 从句
二．当直接引语为特殊疑问句变间接引语形成宾语从句时，首先要注意用特殊疑问词，
其后用陈述语序的句子，同时注意人称、时态、时间状语，连接词，语序的变化.
（一）人称的变化规则：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。 一随主 二随宾 三不用变 引号内的第一人 称变间引后与主句主语的人称保 持一致 引号内的第二人称变间引后与主 句宾语的人称保 持一致 引号内的第三人 称在变间引后去人 称不变 He says,” I like math very much . → He says that he likes math very much . He said to Lily, “ you must get up early” → He told Lily that she must get up early She said to me , “ They want to help him” → She told me that they wanted help him
★（二）．时态变化
宾语从句时态变化规则：主现从不限；主过从四过（即4种过去的时态：一般过去时；过去进行时；过去将来时；过去完成时）； 客观真理，只用一般现在时。 1.主句一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。
2.主句过去时，从句用相应的过去时态。即一般现在时改成 一般过去时；现在进行时改成 过去进行时； 一般将来时改成过去将来时；一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时改成过去完成时。 3.主句过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时。 Teacher told us:\ Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.
主句的时态 从句的时态 例句
He says,” he likes math very much . 一般现在时 所需的任何时态
He says → He says that he likes math very much
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时 He said, “ he is a student.” →He said that he was a student
一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 He said,“he is reading.”→He said that he was reading
He said 一般将来时 过去将来时 He said,“he will go home”→He said that he would go home
一般过去时 过去完成时 He said，“he went home”→He said that he had gone home
现在完成时 过去完成时 He said，“he has gone home”→He said that he had gone home
过去完成时 过去完成时 He said，“he had gone home”→He said that he had gone home
(三)．时间状语变化 指示代词 时间状语 直接引语 this these now today tonight this week yesterday last week three days ago tomorrow next week here come bring 间接引语 that those then that day that night that week the day before the week before three days before the next day/ the following day the next week/ the following week there go take 地点状语 动词
★(四)．连接词
1．从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。 2．从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if或whether。
3．从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词。 注意：当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他 直接引语 陈述句 一般疑问句 连接词 that （常省略） if / whether.“是否” 特殊疑问词： what, who, why,how, which,when 例句 注意事项 He said to me, “ you can help her.” 1. 连接词：that → He said to me (that) I could help her.. 2.引述动词said, said to sb told sb,等 He asked her, “ Do you love me?” 1.改为“陈述语序”。 → He asked her whether she loved him. 2.引述动词asked 3.去掉Do, Does, Did 改变Are, Is, Will, Can位置 He asked his wife, “How are you?” 1.改为“陈述语序” → He asked his wife how she was. 2.去掉Do, Does, Did He asked me, “ What color do you like?” 改变Are, Is, Will, Can位置 → He asked me what color I liked. 1. 不用连接词 2. 不改变时态。 3. 无须考虑语序 特殊疑问句 祈使句
肯ask (tell) sb. He shouted, “ Lily, Close the door.” → He told Lily to close the door. 定 to do sth 否ask (tell) sb. He said to me, “Don’t be late.” 定 not to do sth. → He asked me not to be late. 注意：
1. 语序不变的有：What’ the matter with you? What’s wrong with you? 但What’s the trouble with you?的语序要变
1）从句中有or / or not 。例：she asks whether he stayed 。
2.只用 whether 2）与不定式to do 连用。例：I can’t decide whether to tell him the news
3) 在介词后。例：they are talking about whether they can afford the new house 用法是有区别的，但当if/whether同时出现在选项中的时候，我们要选whether
★3.宾语从句语序：陈语述序，即：连接词+主语+谓语+其它。
或 连接词（此时连接词充当主语）+谓语+其它。
陈述语序中： be动词、助动词、情态动词不能提到主语前。
例：1）can you tell me where is the hospital (错） can you tell me where the hospital is.(对）
2）I don’t know whether does he speak Chinese (错） I don’t know whether he speaks Chinese (对）
3）I am not sure what can he do (错） I am not sure what he can do (对）
中考考点：时态、语序、连接词 练习题
一、填空，每空一词：
1.“I am having supper,” he said.
He said that ______ _______ having supper. 2.“I’ve seen the film,” Gina said to me.
Gina _______ me that she _______ _______ the film. 3. “I went home with my sister,” she said.
She said that _______ _______ _______ home with her sister. 4.The teacher said, “The sun is bigger than the moon.”
The teacher said that the sun _______ bigger than the moon. 5.“I met her yesterday,” he said to me.
He told me that he _______ met her the day _______. 6. “You must come here before five,” he said.
He said that I _______ to go _______ before five. 7.“I bought the computer two weeks ago,” she said.
She said that she _______ bought the computer two weeks _______. 8. “Did you read the book last week?” he said.
He _______ _______ I had read the book the week _______. 9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”
He _______ Jim that he _______ sit there 10.He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”
He asked her mother _______ _______ _______ found it. 11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.
He asked me _______ _______ _______ been _______ days.
12“Do you know where she lives?” he asked.
He asked _______ _______ knew where she _______. 13. “Keep quiet, children.” he said.
He _______ the children _______ _______ quiet. 14. “Don’t look out of the window,” she said.
She told me _______ _______ _______ out of the window. 15. “Are you interested in this?” he said.
He _______ _______ I was interested in _______. 二、选择：
1. Our teacher asked us _____ our dictionaries to school.
A. bring B. brought C. bring D. to bring 2. The teacher told the boy students ______ football on the grass. A. not play B. not to play C. played D. playing 3. ____ Tom didn’t go to school?
A. Do you know how B. Why do you know C. How you know why D. Do you know why
4. She looks sad. Could you please tell me _____ that prevents her from being as happy as before? A. what it is B. it is what C. how it is D. it is how 5. Betty asked her sister ____ to the railway station to see her off.
A. not to come B. not to go C. to not come D. to not go 6. The pupil asked his teacher _____ round the earth. A. weather the moon goes B. that the moon went C. whether the moon goes D. whether the moon went 7. Mr. Li ____ Wang Ling ____ a taxi to the airport.
A. asked; take B. asked; taking C. told; take D. told; to take 8. She asked him ____.
A. whose dictionary this is B. whose dictionary that was C. whose dictionary is this D. whose dictionary that is 9. Mary’s mother asked her _____.
A. that whether she had finished her homework B. if she has finished her homework
C. if she had finished her homework D. that if she had finished her homework 10. Do you know ____?
A. what is he doing B. what he doing C. what he is doing D. what does he do now 11. I don’t know ____ to learn English.
A. when did he begin B. when he began C. he when began D. when he begins 12. He asked me ____.
A. how would the weather be like tomorrow B. what the weather would be like the next day C. how the weather would be like tomorrow D. what would the weather be like the next day